绞股蓝总黄酮的提纯及含量测定
摘 要本文主要探讨绞股蓝总黄酮的提取和纯化工艺，为绞股蓝产品开发来提供科学依据。首先探讨提取工艺，进行单因素考察对黄酮提取的因素和水平。在单因素的基础上优选乙醇体积分数、 料液比、 提取次数和提取温度来设计因素水平表，采用正交实验优选最佳提取工艺。再次进行纯化工艺的探讨，以上样浓度、吸附量、乙醇洗脱浓度、吸附速率为考察因素。此条件下该提取工艺稳定可行，适用于绞股蓝中总黄酮的提取。并在此采用D101大孔吸附树脂纯化，通过实验优选出了绞股蓝总黄酮最优的提取和纯化工艺，最后对黄酮进行含量测定。
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1绞股蓝的主要化学成分 1
1.1.1皂苷 1
1.1.2黄酮 1
1.1.3多糖 1
1.1.4氨基酸 2
1.2绞股蓝的药理作用 2
1.2.1抗肿瘤作用 2
1.2.2降血糖作用 2
1.2.3提高免疫力 3
1.2.4延缓衰老 3
2实验部分 4
2.1仪器与材料 4
2.1.1仪器 4
2.1.2药材及试剂 4
2.2实验方法及结果 4
2.2.1检测方法的建立 4
2.2.2提取工艺的优选 5
2.2.3纯化工艺的优选 16
2.2.4含量测定 20
2.3讨论 20
结 论 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 25
Abstract
This article mainly discusses the extraction and purification process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and provides scientific basis for the development of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Firstly, the extraction process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaph *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥351916072$
yllum was studied. The factors and levels of extraction of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum were studied by single factor method including ethanol volune fraction, solidliquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction times, extraction power and extraction time. On the basis of single facter, the optimal volune fraction, the ratio of materially to liquid, the extraction times and the extraction team were used to design the factor level table. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the optimal extraction process. The purification process was investigated again. The above sample concentration, loading concentration, erthanol elution concentration, and adsorption rate were the investigation factors. The results showed that: ethanol volume fraction 70%, It is concluded that the extraction process is stable and feasible and suitable for the extraction of total flavonoids from Gynostaemma pentaphyllunm. Under this condition, D101 moacroporous adsorption resin was used. The mass concentration of total flavonoidis in Gynosteamma pentaphyllum was 1:1, the maximum adsorption of total flavoxnoids in Gynosteqmma pentaphylslum was 8.86 mg/ml, the adsorption rate was 8BV/h, and eluent was 50% ethanol. The sample concentration was 8.65 mg/ml. The optimum extraction and purification process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum was optimized through experiments. Finally, the content of flavonoids was determined.
Keywords: Gynostemma pentaphyllum; total flavonoids; extraction process; purification process
1.1绞股蓝的主要化学成分
绞股蓝含有人参皂苷类。20世纪以来，它化学成分以及生物活性国内外的研究人员开始深透研究。绞股蓝的化学成分太多了等。还可以除去一些坏的、腐烂的叶子、使衰老的叶子重返青春。也正因如此，绞股蓝被科学家们再次重视了起来。还含有黄酮类化合物、具有抗溃疡的功效。
1.1.1皂苷
绞股蓝里面皂苷的含量最大，化学结构为四环三菇类达玛烷型。大约在七十年代初，日本人永井正博 第一次研究表明绞股蓝中含有达玛烷型皂苷类成分 人参二醇和2α羟基人参二醇。如今发现绞股蓝皂苷已经超过 161种[9]。
1.1.2黄酮
现今国内外对其化学成分和它的相关的药理作用，全都是皂苷报道特别多，找不到太多对其中的黄酮类成分的文章。绞股蓝仅含有黄酮占总的2%5%，目前已知道的黄酮类成分仅有商素、芦丁及槲皮素等10余种[10]。
1.1.3多糖
绞股蓝总糖含量一般为 11.31%13%。查看类似文献得知专家们专门用纸层析法对绞股蓝的多糖进行了分析，结果表明茎和叶均含有半乳糖、 果糖成分等[11]。
1.1.4氨基酸
氨基酸是绞股蓝的其中一个主要化学成分，根据文献报道，不同品种不同产地的绞股蓝氨基酸也是含量不同的 [12]， 其中部分的氨基酸还是有药理活性的，如天冬氨酸具有消咳利肺止痒作用， 绞股蓝全草总氨基酸含量一般在 1020%，在它不同的部位含有氨基酸不知道有多少。
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1绞股蓝的主要化学成分 1
1.1.1皂苷 1
1.1.2黄酮 1
1.1.3多糖 1
1.1.4氨基酸 2
1.2绞股蓝的药理作用 2
1.2.1抗肿瘤作用 2
1.2.2降血糖作用 2
1.2.3提高免疫力 3
1.2.4延缓衰老 3
2实验部分 4
2.1仪器与材料 4
2.1.1仪器 4
2.1.2药材及试剂 4
2.2实验方法及结果 4
2.2.1检测方法的建立 4
2.2.2提取工艺的优选 5
2.2.3纯化工艺的优选 16
2.2.4含量测定 20
2.3讨论 20
结 论 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 25
Abstract
This article mainly discusses the extraction and purification process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and provides scientific basis for the development of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Firstly, the extraction process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaph *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥351916072$
yllum was studied. The factors and levels of extraction of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum were studied by single factor method including ethanol volune fraction, solidliquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction times, extraction power and extraction time. On the basis of single facter, the optimal volune fraction, the ratio of materially to liquid, the extraction times and the extraction team were used to design the factor level table. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the optimal extraction process. The purification process was investigated again. The above sample concentration, loading concentration, erthanol elution concentration, and adsorption rate were the investigation factors. The results showed that: ethanol volume fraction 70%, It is concluded that the extraction process is stable and feasible and suitable for the extraction of total flavonoids from Gynostaemma pentaphyllunm. Under this condition, D101 moacroporous adsorption resin was used. The mass concentration of total flavonoidis in Gynosteamma pentaphyllum was 1:1, the maximum adsorption of total flavoxnoids in Gynosteqmma pentaphylslum was 8.86 mg/ml, the adsorption rate was 8BV/h, and eluent was 50% ethanol. The sample concentration was 8.65 mg/ml. The optimum extraction and purification process of total flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum was optimized through experiments. Finally, the content of flavonoids was determined.
Keywords: Gynostemma pentaphyllum; total flavonoids; extraction process; purification process
1.1绞股蓝的主要化学成分
绞股蓝含有人参皂苷类。20世纪以来，它化学成分以及生物活性国内外的研究人员开始深透研究。绞股蓝的化学成分太多了等。还可以除去一些坏的、腐烂的叶子、使衰老的叶子重返青春。也正因如此，绞股蓝被科学家们再次重视了起来。还含有黄酮类化合物、具有抗溃疡的功效。
1.1.1皂苷
绞股蓝里面皂苷的含量最大，化学结构为四环三菇类达玛烷型。大约在七十年代初，日本人永井正博 第一次研究表明绞股蓝中含有达玛烷型皂苷类成分 人参二醇和2α羟基人参二醇。如今发现绞股蓝皂苷已经超过 161种[9]。
1.1.2黄酮
现今国内外对其化学成分和它的相关的药理作用，全都是皂苷报道特别多，找不到太多对其中的黄酮类成分的文章。绞股蓝仅含有黄酮占总的2%5%，目前已知道的黄酮类成分仅有商素、芦丁及槲皮素等10余种[10]。
1.1.3多糖
绞股蓝总糖含量一般为 11.31%13%。查看类似文献得知专家们专门用纸层析法对绞股蓝的多糖进行了分析，结果表明茎和叶均含有半乳糖、 果糖成分等[11]。
1.1.4氨基酸
氨基酸是绞股蓝的其中一个主要化学成分，根据文献报道，不同品种不同产地的绞股蓝氨基酸也是含量不同的 [12]， 其中部分的氨基酸还是有药理活性的，如天冬氨酸具有消咳利肺止痒作用， 绞股蓝全草总氨基酸含量一般在 1020%，在它不同的部位含有氨基酸不知道有多少。
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