两观三性”的建筑创作理论与实践
两观III性"的建筑创作理论与实践
建筑是I.门以人为本的实用性科学,是物质与精神.技术与艺术的融合.建筑设计的目的,就是为人类创造I.个最适宜生活和创业的空问环境,给人以美的精神享受.作为人类文明的文化载体,建筑通过空间形态传译文化信息,达到物质功能与精神内涵的和谐统I.,它既是传统文化的延伸,又是I.个时代政治.经济.文化和科学技术的综合反映.
改革开放以来,经济蓬勃发展,城市建设欣欣向荣,但城市千城I.面",文化缺失严重,建筑精品不多,距离人们的高品质要求尚有很大的距离,作为I.个建筑师,必须要对建筑的文化本质和从事建筑创作的目的有I.个清醒的认识,面对当前混乱的建筑局面,要树立正确的建筑观.在多年的建筑创作实践中,致力于文化传承和建筑创新的探索和研究,并逐渐形成两观III性"的建筑创作理论,即建筑要坚持整体观"和可持续发展观",建筑创作要体现地域性.文化性.时代性"的和谐统I.,这是从事建筑创作的I.个基本点.
I.．建筑的整体观
建筑是I.个有机的整体,它涉及社会.政治.经济.文化和科技的方方面面;建筑学是I.门交叉学科,它涉及社会学.生态学.工程学等学科,包含对相关学科知识的融汇和整合.就I.幢具体的建筑而言,它涉及城市规划与景观营造.文化传承与创新.建筑功能与造型.内外空间布局和科学技术的应用等方面,面对错综复杂的影响因素,建筑师首先需要从整体上去把握,要树立正确的建筑整体观.
建筑整体观的核心是和谐和统I..I.个优秀的建筑设计,从本质上讲就是要处理好设计对象中各影响因素的对立统I.关系.统I.并非简单的同I.,而是在统I.中求变化,既突出主题,并加以提炼和概括,形成韵律和秩序逻辑,又结合具体环境和条件,和而不同",在和谐中做到丰富多彩.此外还应意细部的设计,使整体风格特征从总体到局部得以延伸,使设计更趋完美.
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^351916072*
>中国传统的城市有明确的轴线和组织肌理,体现出很强的整体特色.世界上许多著名的文化名城,如巴黎.巴塞罗那.堪培拉等,均以其整体性而形成各自的特色．当前在大规模的城市化过程中,许多城市原有的文化特色逐渐消失,城市混杂无章,建筑语言混乱,丧失了城市的整体美,其教训是极其深刻的.
建筑的整体观既是I.种设计理念和思想,也是I.种规划设计的方法.建筑实施的全过程,就是I.个持续整体化与综合的过程,需要每I.部门.每I.个环节协同配合,服从整体,才能实现预期的目标.
II．建筑的可持续发展观
建筑的可持续发展是I.个整体的概念,贯穿在建筑的全过程中,包括对自然环境的保护和生态平衡.建筑空间和资源的有效利用.节能技术.集约化设计.建筑文化的传承和发展.建筑全寿命期的投入和效益等各个环节.
是I.个人口大国,又是I.个资源相对贫乏的国家,在当今不可逆转的城市化进程中,城市环境污染.资源耗费.文化缺失带来的I.系列城市病,不但严重制约了经济发展,而且付出了沉重的代价．为促进城市的可持续发展,城市规划和建筑设计要结合国情,当前特别要注意倡导生态优先原则,保护自然生态环境,节约资源,特别要贯彻节地.节水.节能.节材的理念,在应用和发展节能.低碳环保新技术的同时,更多注重当地适宜技术的挖掘和应用.建筑创作要因时因地制宜,重视空间的集约利用,不追求高.大.全";重视文化的传承,延伸优秀历史文化的内涵和特色,走资源节约型.环境友好型.有中国文化特色的发展道路.
III．建筑的地域性
建筑是地区的产物,世界上没有抽象的建筑,只有具体的.地区的建筑.优秀的建筑总是扎根于具体的环境之中,与当地的社会.经济.人文等因素相适应,与所在地区的地理气候.具体的地形地貌和城市环境相融合.
从环境的角度,建筑的地域性,首先受区域地理气候的影响,不同的纬度和地形形成不同的气候环境.例如南方炎热地区与北方寒冷地区建筑各异,山区建筑与滨水建筑亦有所不同．又如位于V岭之南的广东,日照时间长,高温.多雨.潮湿,IV季树木常青,人们喜爱室外活动,崇尚自然,因而建筑处理注重通风.遮阳.隔热.防潮和园林绿化配置,逐渐形成轻巧通透.淡雅明快.朴实自然的岭南建筑风
格．就具体的环境而言,建筑所在地段的地形.地貌条件和建筑周边的城市环境以及当地的建筑材料和技术,都是具体影响和制约建筑空间形态和平剖面设计的重要因素.建筑师要尊重生态环境,顺应自然地形.地貌的特点,与地段环境融为I.体,创造宜居的人居环境.同时,从城市规划的角度,建筑设计要尊重城市和地段已形成的整体布局和肌理,尊重建筑与自然的关系．此外还要重视地方材料和技术的
应用,做出正确定位,在体型.体量.空间布局.建筑形式乃至材料和色彩等方面下功夫,结合功能整合.优选,才有可能创作出既有地域特色又与环境和谐的建筑.
从文化的角度,建筑的地域性还表现在地区的历史.文脉中,这是I.个民族.I.个地区人们长期生活积淀的历史文化传统.建筑师应在地区的传统中寻根.发掘有益的基因",并与现代科技.文化密切结合,表达时代精神,使现代建筑地域化.地区建筑现代化,这是建筑师真正广阔的创作空间,是建筑师取之不尽的源泉".
IV．建筑的文化性
建筑具有物质和精神的双重属性.建筑作为I.种文化形态,它反映其本身在满足使用功能需求的同时所体现的人类生活方式和价值取向.建筑具体的体型.空间及其室内外 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^351916072*
细部构成建筑的整体,表达出建筑的特征.风格和精神内涵.I.座优秀的建筑,其精神内涵的作用常常超越功能的本身,大凡精品,都能传译I.定的精神内涵,是有很高文化品位的建筑.历史上每I.个时代都产生了I.批不朽的建筑作品,像埃及的金字塔.雅典的帕特浓神庙.巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔.悉尼歌剧院,其文化意义和艺术感染力常常成为I.个历史时期的文化标志.国家和民族的精神象征.I.般而言,建筑的文化性是对I.座建筑相关特点和品质的最高概括．
从人文的角度,建筑作为I.种文化载体,它是人类文化大体系中I.个重要组成部分.任何国家.任何民族文化的传承和发展都是在原有文化的基础上通行的,如果离开了传统,断绝血脉就会迷失方向,丧失根本.传承优秀的文化遗产,在吸收传统文化精华的基础上,不断增强原创的能力,努力创作有地域特色和中国文化精髓的现代建筑,是当代建筑师的历史责任.
不同类型的建筑,常常表现出不同的基本性格.不同建筑类型有各自的基本文化性格和精神特征,这是因为不同的使用功能,带来建筑在空间.布局及室内外环境需求上的变化.在这方面,建筑师在创作过程中应有I.个基本的认识和文化表达的意向,而并非各行其是,无章可循.但建筑又受各种复杂因素的影响,不同的文化观.美学观.价值观,不同的地域差异以及具体环境.技术条件等都会对其产生影响;众多的影响因素使得即便是同I.类型的建筑,也会形成各自的特色.在I.个多元的社会中,建筑文化必然多元化发展.从建筑创作的角度看,设计首先要融合城市和自然环境,满足使用的要求,同时要有清晰的文化定位,而设计中所采用的建筑语言和表达方式,因时间.地点.条件和文化的差异和变化,所形成的建筑形
式和风格常常是多元的.
V．建筑的时代性
建筑是I.个时代的写照,是社会经济.科技.文化的综合反映.当今科学技术日新月异,新材料.新结构.新技术.新工艺的应用,使建筑的跨度.高度有了更大的灵活性.信息网络技术改变了人们的空间观念和工作模式,新功能孕育了新的建筑类型.随着信息时代的来临,建筑创作领域的审美观和价值观也在发生着深刻的变化.新的设计观念.新的思维方式和技术手段使建筑创作进入了I.个崭新的时代.建筑师应立足创新,不断调整自己的创作思路,适应当今时代的特点和要求.建筑要用自己特殊的语言来表现所处时代的特色,体现这个日新月异时代的科技.观念.哲学思想和审美观．归根到底,是时代精神决定了建筑的主流方向.
随着当代建筑学与其他学科的交叉渗透,诸如生态学.拓扑几何学以及参数化设计等新的观念和手段被引入建筑创作中,极大地拓展了建筑语言的范畴．建筑师应加强学习,了解学科新的动向和发展,不断扩大和充实知识面,同时也要有分析的眼光,汲取精华,充实自己的设计,以创新的思想适应时代发展带来的变化和要求.
伴随现代化发展的过程,人类社会正面临城市混乱.生态环境恶化.资源枯耗的危机．保护人类赖以生存的启然环境,有效利用资源,发展节能环保技术,创建宜居的人居环境已成为当今社会共同关注和遵循的原则.当代建筑创作必须重视人居环境的建设,在设计中注意资源节约,贯彻生态优先的原则,保护好环境,使人与自然和谐,科技与人文同步可持续发展.
当今世界的发展正走向文化趋同,它体现了现代科技的发展和地区界限的打破,但并不等于要抛弃特色,不等于要抹杀传统和地域文化.传统作为稳定社会发展和生存的前提条件,只有不断的创新才能显示其巨大的生命力.没有传统的文化是没有根基的文化,不善于继承,就没有创新的基础,而离开创新,就缺乏继承的动力,会使我们陷入保守和复古.推动文化的发展;基础是继承,关键是创新.
创作有中国特色的现代建筑,要处理好时代精神与弘扬传统建筑文化的关系.继承传统并非在新建筑上拼贴传统符号或部分构件的复制,而是吸收传统文化的内涵,寻求与现代思想与技术的结合.
VI．建筑III性"的和谐统I.
建筑的地域性.文化性.时代性是I.个整体的概念.地域性是建筑赖以生存的根基,文化性是建筑的内涵和品味,时代性体现建筑的精神和发展.III者又是相辅相成.不可分割的,地域性本身就包括地区的人文文化.地域环境和时代特征,文化性是地区传统文化和时代精神的融合和升华,时代性正是地域特性.传统文脉与现代科技文化的综合和发展.综观世界上许多优秀建筑的创作,都体现了III性"的综合.建筑师从构思开始就应很好地理解和综合运用建筑的III性"原则进行创作并贯彻始终,这样才有可能创作有特色的现代建筑.
综合考虑建筑的地域性.文化性.时代性是从事城市规划和建筑设计的I.个普遍性原则,它是创意设计的起点,也是建筑创新的前提和依据.
正处于城市建设的高潮,全国各地都在大兴土木,建筑设计领域X分活跃,建筑师处于黄金的创业年代.但由于缺乏正确的创作思想,在市场经济的驱动下,在西方文化占主导地位和强势引入的影响下,设计思想处于混乱状态.有的设计盲目抄袭西方,误以为西方就代表现代,把潮流当作经典;有的设计搬用传统形式或符号就以为是弘扬传统特色,缺乏文化内涵和时代特色,城市存在千城I.面"现象,未能扎根于地域的自然和人文环境,中国特色逐渐消失,在错综复杂的设计条件和社会环境中找不到正确的创作方向.世界上许多优秀建筑和大量成功的创作实践表明,体现地域.文化和时代的和谐统I.,综合考虑建筑的III性就能量身定做",设计出有创意和特色的好作品.
ArchitecturalDesignTheoryandPracticeBasedonTwoViewsandThreeFeatures"
Architectureisapeople-orientedscienceandpracticality,isafusionofmatterandspirit,technologyandart.Thepurposeofthearchitecturaldesignistocreateoneofthemostsuitablelivingenvironmentandentrepreneurshipemptyaskformankind,givingtheUnitedStatesthespiritofenjoyment.Asacarrierofcultureofhumancivilization,architectureandculturalinformationbyinterpretingspatialform,functionandspiritualcontentofthematerialtoachieveharmonyandunity,itisanextensionofthetraditionalculture,butalsoisacomprehensivereflectionofaneraofpolitical,economic,culturalandscienceandtechnology.
Sincethereformandopeningup,Chinaseconomybooming,thrivingurbanconstruction,butthecity"thousandsofcityside,"aseriouslackofculture,architectureboutiquemuchfromhighqualityrequirementsofthepeopletherearegreatdistances,Asanarchitect,itmustbetheessenceofcultureinbuildingconstructionandpurposeofcreationthereisaclearunderstandingofthearchitecturalfaceofthecurrentchaoticsituation,toestablishacorrectviewofthebuilding.Afteryearsofbuildingcreativepractice,innovationandcommitmenttoculturalheritageandarchitecturalexplorationandresearch,andgraduallyforma"twoviewsandthreefeatures"ofarchitecturalcreationtheorythatthebuildingsshouldadheretothe"theholisticview"and"thesustainabledevelopmentview",architecturalcreationtoreflect"thefeaturesofregion,cultureandtimes,"theharmonyandunity,whichisabasicpointinarchitecturalcreation.
I.．Thewholeconceptofthebuilding
Architectureisanorganicwhole,itinvolvesallaspectsofsocial,political,economic,cultural,scienceandtechnology;architectureisaninterdisciplinary,involvingsociology,ecology,engineeringandotherdisciplines,includingknowledgeofrelateddisciplinesintegrateandintegration.Onaspecificbuildingisconcerned,itinvolvesaspectsofurbanplanningandlandscapeconstruction,culturalheritageandinnovation,architecturalfeaturesandstyling,insideandoutsidethespatiallayoutandtheapplicationofscienceandtechnology,thefaceofcomplexfactors,architectsfirstneedawholegrasping,toestablishacorrectviewofthebuildingasawhole.
Theoverallconceptisthecoreofbuildingharmonyandunity.Anexcellentarchitecturaldesign,inessenceistoproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweendesignobjectsoppositesofeachfactor.Unityisnotasimpleone,butseekchangesinunity,notonlyhighlightthetheme,andberefinedandgeneralizedformofrhythmandorderlogic,andcombinedwiththespecificcircumstancesandconditions,"anddifferent",sorichinharmony.Itshouldalsodetailtheintendeddesign,andtheoverallstylecharacteristicscanbeextendedtoalocalgeneraltomakethedesignmoreperfect.
TraditionalChinesecitiesandorganizationshaveaclearaxistexture,reflectingstrongoverallcharacteristics.ManyoftheworldsfamousculturalcitiessuchasParis,Barcelona,??Canberra,etc.,areitsintegrityandformtheirowncharacteristics.Chinascurrentlarge-scaleurbanizationprocess,manycitiesinthegradualdisappearanceoftheoriginalculture,urbanmixednochapter,architecturallanguageconfusion,lossoftheoverallbeautyofthecity,itslessonsareprofound.
Theoverallconceptisbothanarchitecturaldesignconceptsandideas,butalsodesignedaplan.Thewholeprocessofbuildingimplementationisanongoingholisticandcomprehensiveprocessthatrequireseverydepartment,everyaspectofsynergy,thewholesubject,inordertoachievethedesiredobjectives.
II．Theconceptofsustainablebuilding
Sustainablebuildingisanoverallconcept,throughoutthewholeprocessofconstruction,includingtheuseofinheritanceanddevelopmentofeffectiveprotectionofthenaturalenvironmentandecologicalbalance,buildingspaceandresources,energy-savingtechnologies,intensivedesign,architecturalculture,allaspectsofbuildingthewholelifeoftheinvestmentandeffectiveness.
Oursisapopulouscountry,isarelativelyresource-poorcountriesintheprocessofurbanizationintodaysirreversible,urbanenvironmentalpollution,resourceconsumption,lackofculturebroughtaboutaseriesofurbandisease,notonlyseverelyrestrictstheeconomicdevelopment,butpaidaheavyprice.Topromotethesustainabledevelopmentofcities,urbanplanningandarchitecturaldesigninconjunctionwithnationalconditions,withparticularattentiontothecurrentecologicalpriorityadvocatedtheprincipleoftheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment,conserveresources,particularlytoimplementtheland,water,energy,ideasandmaterialsfor,whileintheapplicationanddevelopmentofenergy-saving,environmentalprotectionandnewlow-carbontechnologies,moreemphasisonlocalminingandapplicationofappropriatetechnology.Architecturalcreationwhennecessaryduetolocalconditions,attentiontospaceintensiveuse,notthepursuitof"high,big,full";emphasisonculturalheritage,extendingoutstandinghistoricalandculturalconnotationandcharacteristics,takearesource-savingandenvironment-friendly,withChineseculturalcharacteristicsdevelopment.
III．Regionalarchitecture
Architectureisaproductoftheregion,thereisnoabstractarchitecturalworld,onlyspecific,regionalarchitecture.Excellentconstructionisalwaysrootedinaspecificenvironment,andthelocalsocial,economic,culturalandotherfactorstoadapt,withthegeographyandclimateofthearea,thespecifictopographyandurbanenvironmentintegration.
Fromanenvironmentalperspective,regionalarchitecture,thefirstaffectedareageographyandclimate,differentlatitudesandterrainformdifferentclimate.Hotregionssuchasthesouthernandnortherncoldregionsofdifferentbuildings,mountainbuildingandwaterfrontbuildingsarealsodifferent.AnotherexampleisthelonglocatedinthesouthoftheFiveRidgesGuangdong,durationofsunshine,hightemperatures,rainy,humid,evergreentrees,seasons,peopleloveoutdooractivities,respectfornature,andthereforedealwithemphasisonbuildingventilation,shade,heat,moistureandlandscapingconfiguration,graduallyforminglightweighttransparent,elegantandcrisp,simpleandnaturalLingnanarchitecturalstyle.Onthespecificenvironment,topography,surroundingconditionsandbuildingurbanenvironmentaswellaslocalconstructionsiteofbuildingmaterialsandtechnologies,areimportantfactorsrestrictingthespecificimpactandpeacefulcross-sectionalshapeofarchitecturalspacedesign.Architectsmustrespecttheecologicalenvironment,complywiththenaturaltopography,landscapefeatures,andlotsofenvironmentalintegration,creatinglivablelivingenvironment.Meanwhile,fromtheperspectiveofurbanplanning,architecturaldesignandtexturetorespecttheoveralllayoutofthecityandthelothasbeenformed,respectingtherelationshipbetweenarchitectureandnature.Moreover,youshouldplaceemphasisontheapplicationofmaterialsandtechnologytomaketherightpositioning,workhardinshape,volume,spacelayout,buildingmaterialsandcolorsaswellasforms,etc.,combinedwithfunctionalintegration,preferably,bepossibletocreatebothgeographicalFeaturesandarchitecturalharmonywiththeenvironment.
Fromaculturalperspective,regionalarchitectureisalsoreflectedintheregionshistory,context,thisisanation,aregionofthelong-lifeofaccumulationofhistoricalandculturaltraditions.Architectsshouldbeinthetraditionalareasoftheroots,toexploregood"genes"andcloselycombinedwithmoderntechnology,culture,andexpressthespiritofthetimes,sothatregionalizationofmodernarchitecture,modernbuildingarea,whichisreallyavastcreativespacearchitect,isaninexhaustiblesourceofarchitects."
IV．Culturalbuildings
Buildinghasadualpropertyofmatterandspirit.Architectureasaformofculture,whichreflectsitselfinthesametimemeetthefunctionalrequirementsembodiedinhumanlifeandvalues??.Wholebuildingspecificsize,spaceandindoorandoutdoorarchitecturaldetailconstitute,expressingfeatures,styleandspiritualcontentofthebuilding.Anexcellentbuilding,theroleofitsspiritualcontentisoftenbeyondthecapabilitiesoftheirown,inalmostboutique,interpretationcanbecertainspiritualconnotation,thereisaveryhighculturaltasteofthebuilding.Everyerainhistoryhasproducedanumberofmonumentalarchitecturalworks,likethepyramidsofEgypt,AthensPatconcentratedtemple,theEiffelTower,theSydneyOperaHouse,anditsculturalsignificanceandartisticappealofParisoftenbecomeahistoricalperiodculturalsymbol,asymbolofthespiritofthecountryandnation.CulturalGenerally,thebuildingisabuildingofthehighestquality-relatedcharacteristicsandgeneralization.
Fromtheperspectiveofthehumanities,architectureasaculturalcarrier,whichisalargesystemofhumancultureisanimportantpart.Anycountry,anynationalculturalheritageanddevelopmentarethebasisoftheoriginalculturesprevailing,iflefttradition,cutoffthebloodwillbedisorientedandloseall.Heritageofoutstandingculturalheritage,onthebasisofabsorbingtheessenceoftraditionalculture,andconstantlyenhancetheabilityoforiginal,creativeefforthasregionalcharacteristicsandculturalessenceofChinasmodernarchitecture,isthehistoricalresponsibilityofcontemporaryarchitects.
Differenttypesofbuildings,oftenexhibitdifferentbasiccharacter.Differentbuildingtypeshavetheirownpersonalityandspiritbasicculturalcharacteristics,itisbecausetheuseofdifferentfeatures,architecturalchangesbroughtaboutinspace,layout,andindoorandoutdoorenvironmentalneeds.Inthisregard,thearchitectinthecreativeprocessshouldhaveabasicunderstandingofintentandculturalexpression,ratherthantheirownways,outofnowhere.Butconstructionhasaffectedavarietyofcomplexfactors,differentculturesconcept,aesthetics,values,differentgeographicaldifferencesandthespecificenvironmental,technicalconditionswillaffectit;numerousfactorsmakeeventhesametypeofconstruction,alsoformtheirowncharacteristics.Inapluralisticsociety,architecturalandculturalinevitablediversification.Fromtheperspectiveofarchitecturalcreation,designedthefirsttoblendurbanandnaturalenvironment,meettherequirementsforuse,andhaveaclearculturalorientation,andarchitecturallanguageandexpressionsusedinthedesign,duetothetime,place,andcultureconditionsdifferencesandchangesintheformofarchitecturalformsandstylesareoftendiverse.
V．Constructiontimes
Architectureistheportrayalofanera,isacomprehensivereflectionofthesocio-economic,technological,andcultural.Todayscienceandtechnologyadvances,newmaterials,newstructures,newtechnologies,newtechnologyapplications,makespanbuildingheightgreaterflexibility.Informationnetworktechnologyhaschangedpeoplesconceptofspaceandworkmodes,newfeaturesgavebirthtoanewtypeofconstruction.Withtheadventoftheinformationage,aestheticsandvaluecreationinthefieldofarchitectureisalsoundergoingprofoundchanges.Newdesignideas,newwaysofthinkingandcreativetechniquestomakethebuildingintoanewera.Architectsshouldbebasedoninnovation,andconstantlyadjusttheirowncreativeideas,adapttothecharacteristicsandrequirementsofthepresentera.Buildingusingtheirownspeciallanguagetoexpressthecharacteristicsofthetimes,reflectingthetechnology,ideas,philosophyandaestheticschangingtimes.Inthefinalanalysis,isthespiritofthetimesdeterminesthemaindirectionofthebuilding.
Withcontemporaryarchitectureandcross-penetrationofotherdisciplines,suchasecology,topologygeometryandparametricdesignofnewconceptsandtoolsareintroducedarchitecturalcreation,greatlyexpandedthescopeofarchitecturallanguage.Architectsshouldenhancelearning,understandingnewtrendsanddevelopmentdisciplines,continuetoexpandandenrichtheirknowledge,butalsoananalysisofthevision,learnfromthebest,toenrichtheirowndesignstobringinnovativeideastoadapttochangesanddemandsofthetimes.
Withtheprocessofmodernization,humansocietyisfacingurbanchaos,environmentaldegradation,resourceconsumptionwitheredcrisis.ProtectionofthenaturalenvironmentofhumanbeingstosurviveKai,efficientuseofresources,thedevelopmentofenergy-savingtechnologytocreatelivableresidentialenvironmenthasbecomeacommonconcernintodayssocietyandtheprinciplestofollow.ContemporaryArchitectureDesignmustpayattentiontohumansettlementsenvironment,attentioninthedesignofresourceconservation,ecologicalprioritytoimplementtheprincipleofprotectingtheenvironment,peopleandnature,scienceandthehumanitiessyncsustainabledevelopment.
Developmentoftodaysworldismovingtowardculturalconvergence,whichreflectsthedevelopmentandregionalboundariestobreakthemoderntechnology,itdoesnotmeantoabandonthefeatureisnotequaltoobliteratetraditionandlocalculture.Traditionalsocialstabilityasaprerequisiteforthedevelopmentandsurvival,theonlyconstantinnovationinordertoshowitsgreatvitality.Notraditionalcultureisnofoundationfortheculture,notgoodinheritance,thereisnobasisforinnovation,whileleavinginnovation,onthelackofinheritedpower,willmakeusintoconservativeandretro.Promoteculturaldevelopment;foundationisinherited,thekeyisinnovation.
ThecreationofamodernbuildingwithChinesecharacteristics,thespiritofthetimesandproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweenpromotingtraditionalarchitecturalculture.Traditionisnotatraditionalsymbolcollageorcopysomeelementsinthenewbuildings,buttheabsorptionoftraditionalcultureconnotation,seekingcombinedwithmodernthinkingandtechnology.
VI．Building"ThreeFeatures"ofharmonyandunity
Thefeaturesofregion,cultureandtimesisawholeconcept.Regionalarchitecturalfoundationofsurvival,culturalconnotationandtaste,thebuildingembodiesthespiritofthetimesandthedevelopmentofthebuilding.Threearecomplementary.Indivisible,regionalhumancultureitself,includingregional,geographicalandenvironmentalcharacteristicsofthetimesandcultureoftheregionstraditionalcultureandthespiritofthetimesfusionandsublimation,isthegeographicalcharacteristicsofthetimes,thetraditionalandthemodernscientificandculturalcontextofacomprehensiveanddevelopment.Lookingatthecreationoftheworldmanyoutstandingbuildings,reflectsthe"nature"ofthesynthesis.Fromthebeginning,theideaof??thearchitectshouldbewellunderstoodandintegrateduseofthebuilding,"nature"andtheprincipleofthecreationofconsistent,itwaspossiblethecreationofdistinctivemodernarchitecture.
Consideringtheconstructionofregional,cultural,times,isengagedinaneraofuniversalprinciplesofurbanplanningandarchitecturaldesign,itisthestartingpointforcreativedesign,butalsotheprerequisiteandbasisforarchitecturalinnovation.
Chinaisattheclimaxofurbanconstruction,themassiveconstructionprojectsthroughoutthecountry,isveryactivefieldofarchitecturaldesign,architectsinthegoldenageofentrepreneurship.However,duetolackofpropercreativethinking,inamarketdriveneconomy,underthedominantWesterncultureandthestrongimpactoftheintroductionofdesignthinkingindisarray.SomedesignsblindlycopytheWest,onbehalfofthemodernWesternmistaken,thetrendasaclassic;borrowedsomedesignorsymbolontraditionalformsofthoughtistopromotetraditionalfeatures,thelackofcultureandcharacteristicsofthetimes,thecityexists"thousandsofcityside"phenomenonfailedtotakerootintheregionsnaturalandhumanenvironment,Chinesecharacteristicsgraduallydisappear,cannotfindtherightdirectioninthecreationofintricatedesignconditionsandsocialenvironment.Manyoftheworldsoutstandingarchitectureandthecreationofalargenumberofsuccessfulpracticeshowsthatembodiestheharmonyofgeographical,culturalandage,consideringtheconstructionofthreepropertiescanbe"tailored"todesigncreativeanddistinctivegoodworks.
建筑是I.门以人为本的实用性科学,是物质与精神.技术与艺术的融合.建筑设计的目的,就是为人类创造I.个最适宜生活和创业的空问环境,给人以美的精神享受.作为人类文明的文化载体,建筑通过空间形态传译文化信息,达到物质功能与精神内涵的和谐统I.,它既是传统文化的延伸,又是I.个时代政治.经济.文化和科学技术的综合反映.
改革开放以来,经济蓬勃发展,城市建设欣欣向荣,但城市千城I.面",文化缺失严重,建筑精品不多,距离人们的高品质要求尚有很大的距离,作为I.个建筑师,必须要对建筑的文化本质和从事建筑创作的目的有I.个清醒的认识,面对当前混乱的建筑局面,要树立正确的建筑观.在多年的建筑创作实践中,致力于文化传承和建筑创新的探索和研究,并逐渐形成两观III性"的建筑创作理论,即建筑要坚持整体观"和可持续发展观",建筑创作要体现地域性.文化性.时代性"的和谐统I.,这是从事建筑创作的I.个基本点.
I.．建筑的整体观
建筑是I.个有机的整体,它涉及社会.政治.经济.文化和科技的方方面面;建筑学是I.门交叉学科,它涉及社会学.生态学.工程学等学科,包含对相关学科知识的融汇和整合.就I.幢具体的建筑而言,它涉及城市规划与景观营造.文化传承与创新.建筑功能与造型.内外空间布局和科学技术的应用等方面,面对错综复杂的影响因素,建筑师首先需要从整体上去把握,要树立正确的建筑整体观.
建筑整体观的核心是和谐和统I..I.个优秀的建筑设计,从本质上讲就是要处理好设计对象中各影响因素的对立统I.关系.统I.并非简单的同I.,而是在统I.中求变化,既突出主题,并加以提炼和概括,形成韵律和秩序逻辑,又结合具体环境和条件,和而不同",在和谐中做到丰富多彩.此外还应意细部的设计,使整体风格特征从总体到局部得以延伸,使设计更趋完美.
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^351916072*
>中国传统的城市有明确的轴线和组织肌理,体现出很强的整体特色.世界上许多著名的文化名城,如巴黎.巴塞罗那.堪培拉等,均以其整体性而形成各自的特色．当前在大规模的城市化过程中,许多城市原有的文化特色逐渐消失,城市混杂无章,建筑语言混乱,丧失了城市的整体美,其教训是极其深刻的.
建筑的整体观既是I.种设计理念和思想,也是I.种规划设计的方法.建筑实施的全过程,就是I.个持续整体化与综合的过程,需要每I.部门.每I.个环节协同配合,服从整体,才能实现预期的目标.
II．建筑的可持续发展观
建筑的可持续发展是I.个整体的概念,贯穿在建筑的全过程中,包括对自然环境的保护和生态平衡.建筑空间和资源的有效利用.节能技术.集约化设计.建筑文化的传承和发展.建筑全寿命期的投入和效益等各个环节.
是I.个人口大国,又是I.个资源相对贫乏的国家,在当今不可逆转的城市化进程中,城市环境污染.资源耗费.文化缺失带来的I.系列城市病,不但严重制约了经济发展,而且付出了沉重的代价．为促进城市的可持续发展,城市规划和建筑设计要结合国情,当前特别要注意倡导生态优先原则,保护自然生态环境,节约资源,特别要贯彻节地.节水.节能.节材的理念,在应用和发展节能.低碳环保新技术的同时,更多注重当地适宜技术的挖掘和应用.建筑创作要因时因地制宜,重视空间的集约利用,不追求高.大.全";重视文化的传承,延伸优秀历史文化的内涵和特色,走资源节约型.环境友好型.有中国文化特色的发展道路.
III．建筑的地域性
建筑是地区的产物,世界上没有抽象的建筑,只有具体的.地区的建筑.优秀的建筑总是扎根于具体的环境之中,与当地的社会.经济.人文等因素相适应,与所在地区的地理气候.具体的地形地貌和城市环境相融合.
从环境的角度,建筑的地域性,首先受区域地理气候的影响,不同的纬度和地形形成不同的气候环境.例如南方炎热地区与北方寒冷地区建筑各异,山区建筑与滨水建筑亦有所不同．又如位于V岭之南的广东,日照时间长,高温.多雨.潮湿,IV季树木常青,人们喜爱室外活动,崇尚自然,因而建筑处理注重通风.遮阳.隔热.防潮和园林绿化配置,逐渐形成轻巧通透.淡雅明快.朴实自然的岭南建筑风
格．就具体的环境而言,建筑所在地段的地形.地貌条件和建筑周边的城市环境以及当地的建筑材料和技术,都是具体影响和制约建筑空间形态和平剖面设计的重要因素.建筑师要尊重生态环境,顺应自然地形.地貌的特点,与地段环境融为I.体,创造宜居的人居环境.同时,从城市规划的角度,建筑设计要尊重城市和地段已形成的整体布局和肌理,尊重建筑与自然的关系．此外还要重视地方材料和技术的
应用,做出正确定位,在体型.体量.空间布局.建筑形式乃至材料和色彩等方面下功夫,结合功能整合.优选,才有可能创作出既有地域特色又与环境和谐的建筑.
从文化的角度,建筑的地域性还表现在地区的历史.文脉中,这是I.个民族.I.个地区人们长期生活积淀的历史文化传统.建筑师应在地区的传统中寻根.发掘有益的基因",并与现代科技.文化密切结合,表达时代精神,使现代建筑地域化.地区建筑现代化,这是建筑师真正广阔的创作空间,是建筑师取之不尽的源泉".
IV．建筑的文化性
建筑具有物质和精神的双重属性.建筑作为I.种文化形态,它反映其本身在满足使用功能需求的同时所体现的人类生活方式和价值取向.建筑具体的体型.空间及其室内外 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^351916072*
细部构成建筑的整体,表达出建筑的特征.风格和精神内涵.I.座优秀的建筑,其精神内涵的作用常常超越功能的本身,大凡精品,都能传译I.定的精神内涵,是有很高文化品位的建筑.历史上每I.个时代都产生了I.批不朽的建筑作品,像埃及的金字塔.雅典的帕特浓神庙.巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔.悉尼歌剧院,其文化意义和艺术感染力常常成为I.个历史时期的文化标志.国家和民族的精神象征.I.般而言,建筑的文化性是对I.座建筑相关特点和品质的最高概括．
从人文的角度,建筑作为I.种文化载体,它是人类文化大体系中I.个重要组成部分.任何国家.任何民族文化的传承和发展都是在原有文化的基础上通行的,如果离开了传统,断绝血脉就会迷失方向,丧失根本.传承优秀的文化遗产,在吸收传统文化精华的基础上,不断增强原创的能力,努力创作有地域特色和中国文化精髓的现代建筑,是当代建筑师的历史责任.
不同类型的建筑,常常表现出不同的基本性格.不同建筑类型有各自的基本文化性格和精神特征,这是因为不同的使用功能,带来建筑在空间.布局及室内外环境需求上的变化.在这方面,建筑师在创作过程中应有I.个基本的认识和文化表达的意向,而并非各行其是,无章可循.但建筑又受各种复杂因素的影响,不同的文化观.美学观.价值观,不同的地域差异以及具体环境.技术条件等都会对其产生影响;众多的影响因素使得即便是同I.类型的建筑,也会形成各自的特色.在I.个多元的社会中,建筑文化必然多元化发展.从建筑创作的角度看,设计首先要融合城市和自然环境,满足使用的要求,同时要有清晰的文化定位,而设计中所采用的建筑语言和表达方式,因时间.地点.条件和文化的差异和变化,所形成的建筑形
式和风格常常是多元的.
V．建筑的时代性
建筑是I.个时代的写照,是社会经济.科技.文化的综合反映.当今科学技术日新月异,新材料.新结构.新技术.新工艺的应用,使建筑的跨度.高度有了更大的灵活性.信息网络技术改变了人们的空间观念和工作模式,新功能孕育了新的建筑类型.随着信息时代的来临,建筑创作领域的审美观和价值观也在发生着深刻的变化.新的设计观念.新的思维方式和技术手段使建筑创作进入了I.个崭新的时代.建筑师应立足创新,不断调整自己的创作思路,适应当今时代的特点和要求.建筑要用自己特殊的语言来表现所处时代的特色,体现这个日新月异时代的科技.观念.哲学思想和审美观．归根到底,是时代精神决定了建筑的主流方向.
随着当代建筑学与其他学科的交叉渗透,诸如生态学.拓扑几何学以及参数化设计等新的观念和手段被引入建筑创作中,极大地拓展了建筑语言的范畴．建筑师应加强学习,了解学科新的动向和发展,不断扩大和充实知识面,同时也要有分析的眼光,汲取精华,充实自己的设计,以创新的思想适应时代发展带来的变化和要求.
伴随现代化发展的过程,人类社会正面临城市混乱.生态环境恶化.资源枯耗的危机．保护人类赖以生存的启然环境,有效利用资源,发展节能环保技术,创建宜居的人居环境已成为当今社会共同关注和遵循的原则.当代建筑创作必须重视人居环境的建设,在设计中注意资源节约,贯彻生态优先的原则,保护好环境,使人与自然和谐,科技与人文同步可持续发展.
当今世界的发展正走向文化趋同,它体现了现代科技的发展和地区界限的打破,但并不等于要抛弃特色,不等于要抹杀传统和地域文化.传统作为稳定社会发展和生存的前提条件,只有不断的创新才能显示其巨大的生命力.没有传统的文化是没有根基的文化,不善于继承,就没有创新的基础,而离开创新,就缺乏继承的动力,会使我们陷入保守和复古.推动文化的发展;基础是继承,关键是创新.
创作有中国特色的现代建筑,要处理好时代精神与弘扬传统建筑文化的关系.继承传统并非在新建筑上拼贴传统符号或部分构件的复制,而是吸收传统文化的内涵,寻求与现代思想与技术的结合.
VI．建筑III性"的和谐统I.
建筑的地域性.文化性.时代性是I.个整体的概念.地域性是建筑赖以生存的根基,文化性是建筑的内涵和品味,时代性体现建筑的精神和发展.III者又是相辅相成.不可分割的,地域性本身就包括地区的人文文化.地域环境和时代特征,文化性是地区传统文化和时代精神的融合和升华,时代性正是地域特性.传统文脉与现代科技文化的综合和发展.综观世界上许多优秀建筑的创作,都体现了III性"的综合.建筑师从构思开始就应很好地理解和综合运用建筑的III性"原则进行创作并贯彻始终,这样才有可能创作有特色的现代建筑.
综合考虑建筑的地域性.文化性.时代性是从事城市规划和建筑设计的I.个普遍性原则,它是创意设计的起点,也是建筑创新的前提和依据.
正处于城市建设的高潮,全国各地都在大兴土木,建筑设计领域X分活跃,建筑师处于黄金的创业年代.但由于缺乏正确的创作思想,在市场经济的驱动下,在西方文化占主导地位和强势引入的影响下,设计思想处于混乱状态.有的设计盲目抄袭西方,误以为西方就代表现代,把潮流当作经典;有的设计搬用传统形式或符号就以为是弘扬传统特色,缺乏文化内涵和时代特色,城市存在千城I.面"现象,未能扎根于地域的自然和人文环境,中国特色逐渐消失,在错综复杂的设计条件和社会环境中找不到正确的创作方向.世界上许多优秀建筑和大量成功的创作实践表明,体现地域.文化和时代的和谐统I.,综合考虑建筑的III性就能量身定做",设计出有创意和特色的好作品.
ArchitecturalDesignTheoryandPracticeBasedonTwoViewsandThreeFeatures"
Architectureisapeople-orientedscienceandpracticality,isafusionofmatterandspirit,technologyandart.Thepurposeofthearchitecturaldesignistocreateoneofthemostsuitablelivingenvironmentandentrepreneurshipemptyaskformankind,givingtheUnitedStatesthespiritofenjoyment.Asacarrierofcultureofhumancivilization,architectureandculturalinformationbyinterpretingspatialform,functionandspiritualcontentofthematerialtoachieveharmonyandunity,itisanextensionofthetraditionalculture,butalsoisacomprehensivereflectionofaneraofpolitical,economic,culturalandscienceandtechnology.
Sincethereformandopeningup,Chinaseconomybooming,thrivingurbanconstruction,butthecity"thousandsofcityside,"aseriouslackofculture,architectureboutiquemuchfromhighqualityrequirementsofthepeopletherearegreatdistances,Asanarchitect,itmustbetheessenceofcultureinbuildingconstructionandpurposeofcreationthereisaclearunderstandingofthearchitecturalfaceofthecurrentchaoticsituation,toestablishacorrectviewofthebuilding.Afteryearsofbuildingcreativepractice,innovationandcommitmenttoculturalheritageandarchitecturalexplorationandresearch,andgraduallyforma"twoviewsandthreefeatures"ofarchitecturalcreationtheorythatthebuildingsshouldadheretothe"theholisticview"and"thesustainabledevelopmentview",architecturalcreationtoreflect"thefeaturesofregion,cultureandtimes,"theharmonyandunity,whichisabasicpointinarchitecturalcreation.
I.．Thewholeconceptofthebuilding
Architectureisanorganicwhole,itinvolvesallaspectsofsocial,political,economic,cultural,scienceandtechnology;architectureisaninterdisciplinary,involvingsociology,ecology,engineeringandotherdisciplines,includingknowledgeofrelateddisciplinesintegrateandintegration.Onaspecificbuildingisconcerned,itinvolvesaspectsofurbanplanningandlandscapeconstruction,culturalheritageandinnovation,architecturalfeaturesandstyling,insideandoutsidethespatiallayoutandtheapplicationofscienceandtechnology,thefaceofcomplexfactors,architectsfirstneedawholegrasping,toestablishacorrectviewofthebuildingasawhole.
Theoverallconceptisthecoreofbuildingharmonyandunity.Anexcellentarchitecturaldesign,inessenceistoproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweendesignobjectsoppositesofeachfactor.Unityisnotasimpleone,butseekchangesinunity,notonlyhighlightthetheme,andberefinedandgeneralizedformofrhythmandorderlogic,andcombinedwiththespecificcircumstancesandconditions,"anddifferent",sorichinharmony.Itshouldalsodetailtheintendeddesign,andtheoverallstylecharacteristicscanbeextendedtoalocalgeneraltomakethedesignmoreperfect.
TraditionalChinesecitiesandorganizationshaveaclearaxistexture,reflectingstrongoverallcharacteristics.ManyoftheworldsfamousculturalcitiessuchasParis,Barcelona,??Canberra,etc.,areitsintegrityandformtheirowncharacteristics.Chinascurrentlarge-scaleurbanizationprocess,manycitiesinthegradualdisappearanceoftheoriginalculture,urbanmixednochapter,architecturallanguageconfusion,lossoftheoverallbeautyofthecity,itslessonsareprofound.
Theoverallconceptisbothanarchitecturaldesignconceptsandideas,butalsodesignedaplan.Thewholeprocessofbuildingimplementationisanongoingholisticandcomprehensiveprocessthatrequireseverydepartment,everyaspectofsynergy,thewholesubject,inordertoachievethedesiredobjectives.
II．Theconceptofsustainablebuilding
Sustainablebuildingisanoverallconcept,throughoutthewholeprocessofconstruction,includingtheuseofinheritanceanddevelopmentofeffectiveprotectionofthenaturalenvironmentandecologicalbalance,buildingspaceandresources,energy-savingtechnologies,intensivedesign,architecturalculture,allaspectsofbuildingthewholelifeoftheinvestmentandeffectiveness.
Oursisapopulouscountry,isarelativelyresource-poorcountriesintheprocessofurbanizationintodaysirreversible,urbanenvironmentalpollution,resourceconsumption,lackofculturebroughtaboutaseriesofurbandisease,notonlyseverelyrestrictstheeconomicdevelopment,butpaidaheavyprice.Topromotethesustainabledevelopmentofcities,urbanplanningandarchitecturaldesigninconjunctionwithnationalconditions,withparticularattentiontothecurrentecologicalpriorityadvocatedtheprincipleoftheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment,conserveresources,particularlytoimplementtheland,water,energy,ideasandmaterialsfor,whileintheapplicationanddevelopmentofenergy-saving,environmentalprotectionandnewlow-carbontechnologies,moreemphasisonlocalminingandapplicationofappropriatetechnology.Architecturalcreationwhennecessaryduetolocalconditions,attentiontospaceintensiveuse,notthepursuitof"high,big,full";emphasisonculturalheritage,extendingoutstandinghistoricalandculturalconnotationandcharacteristics,takearesource-savingandenvironment-friendly,withChineseculturalcharacteristicsdevelopment.
III．Regionalarchitecture
Architectureisaproductoftheregion,thereisnoabstractarchitecturalworld,onlyspecific,regionalarchitecture.Excellentconstructionisalwaysrootedinaspecificenvironment,andthelocalsocial,economic,culturalandotherfactorstoadapt,withthegeographyandclimateofthearea,thespecifictopographyandurbanenvironmentintegration.
Fromanenvironmentalperspective,regionalarchitecture,thefirstaffectedareageographyandclimate,differentlatitudesandterrainformdifferentclimate.Hotregionssuchasthesouthernandnortherncoldregionsofdifferentbuildings,mountainbuildingandwaterfrontbuildingsarealsodifferent.AnotherexampleisthelonglocatedinthesouthoftheFiveRidgesGuangdong,durationofsunshine,hightemperatures,rainy,humid,evergreentrees,seasons,peopleloveoutdooractivities,respectfornature,andthereforedealwithemphasisonbuildingventilation,shade,heat,moistureandlandscapingconfiguration,graduallyforminglightweighttransparent,elegantandcrisp,simpleandnaturalLingnanarchitecturalstyle.Onthespecificenvironment,topography,surroundingconditionsandbuildingurbanenvironmentaswellaslocalconstructionsiteofbuildingmaterialsandtechnologies,areimportantfactorsrestrictingthespecificimpactandpeacefulcross-sectionalshapeofarchitecturalspacedesign.Architectsmustrespecttheecologicalenvironment,complywiththenaturaltopography,landscapefeatures,andlotsofenvironmentalintegration,creatinglivablelivingenvironment.Meanwhile,fromtheperspectiveofurbanplanning,architecturaldesignandtexturetorespecttheoveralllayoutofthecityandthelothasbeenformed,respectingtherelationshipbetweenarchitectureandnature.Moreover,youshouldplaceemphasisontheapplicationofmaterialsandtechnologytomaketherightpositioning,workhardinshape,volume,spacelayout,buildingmaterialsandcolorsaswellasforms,etc.,combinedwithfunctionalintegration,preferably,bepossibletocreatebothgeographicalFeaturesandarchitecturalharmonywiththeenvironment.
Fromaculturalperspective,regionalarchitectureisalsoreflectedintheregionshistory,context,thisisanation,aregionofthelong-lifeofaccumulationofhistoricalandculturaltraditions.Architectsshouldbeinthetraditionalareasoftheroots,toexploregood"genes"andcloselycombinedwithmoderntechnology,culture,andexpressthespiritofthetimes,sothatregionalizationofmodernarchitecture,modernbuildingarea,whichisreallyavastcreativespacearchitect,isaninexhaustiblesourceofarchitects."
IV．Culturalbuildings
Buildinghasadualpropertyofmatterandspirit.Architectureasaformofculture,whichreflectsitselfinthesametimemeetthefunctionalrequirementsembodiedinhumanlifeandvalues??.Wholebuildingspecificsize,spaceandindoorandoutdoorarchitecturaldetailconstitute,expressingfeatures,styleandspiritualcontentofthebuilding.Anexcellentbuilding,theroleofitsspiritualcontentisoftenbeyondthecapabilitiesoftheirown,inalmostboutique,interpretationcanbecertainspiritualconnotation,thereisaveryhighculturaltasteofthebuilding.Everyerainhistoryhasproducedanumberofmonumentalarchitecturalworks,likethepyramidsofEgypt,AthensPatconcentratedtemple,theEiffelTower,theSydneyOperaHouse,anditsculturalsignificanceandartisticappealofParisoftenbecomeahistoricalperiodculturalsymbol,asymbolofthespiritofthecountryandnation.CulturalGenerally,thebuildingisabuildingofthehighestquality-relatedcharacteristicsandgeneralization.
Fromtheperspectiveofthehumanities,architectureasaculturalcarrier,whichisalargesystemofhumancultureisanimportantpart.Anycountry,anynationalculturalheritageanddevelopmentarethebasisoftheoriginalculturesprevailing,iflefttradition,cutoffthebloodwillbedisorientedandloseall.Heritageofoutstandingculturalheritage,onthebasisofabsorbingtheessenceoftraditionalculture,andconstantlyenhancetheabilityoforiginal,creativeefforthasregionalcharacteristicsandculturalessenceofChinasmodernarchitecture,isthehistoricalresponsibilityofcontemporaryarchitects.
Differenttypesofbuildings,oftenexhibitdifferentbasiccharacter.Differentbuildingtypeshavetheirownpersonalityandspiritbasicculturalcharacteristics,itisbecausetheuseofdifferentfeatures,architecturalchangesbroughtaboutinspace,layout,andindoorandoutdoorenvironmentalneeds.Inthisregard,thearchitectinthecreativeprocessshouldhaveabasicunderstandingofintentandculturalexpression,ratherthantheirownways,outofnowhere.Butconstructionhasaffectedavarietyofcomplexfactors,differentculturesconcept,aesthetics,values,differentgeographicaldifferencesandthespecificenvironmental,technicalconditionswillaffectit;numerousfactorsmakeeventhesametypeofconstruction,alsoformtheirowncharacteristics.Inapluralisticsociety,architecturalandculturalinevitablediversification.Fromtheperspectiveofarchitecturalcreation,designedthefirsttoblendurbanandnaturalenvironment,meettherequirementsforuse,andhaveaclearculturalorientation,andarchitecturallanguageandexpressionsusedinthedesign,duetothetime,place,andcultureconditionsdifferencesandchangesintheformofarchitecturalformsandstylesareoftendiverse.
V．Constructiontimes
Architectureistheportrayalofanera,isacomprehensivereflectionofthesocio-economic,technological,andcultural.Todayscienceandtechnologyadvances,newmaterials,newstructures,newtechnologies,newtechnologyapplications,makespanbuildingheightgreaterflexibility.Informationnetworktechnologyhaschangedpeoplesconceptofspaceandworkmodes,newfeaturesgavebirthtoanewtypeofconstruction.Withtheadventoftheinformationage,aestheticsandvaluecreationinthefieldofarchitectureisalsoundergoingprofoundchanges.Newdesignideas,newwaysofthinkingandcreativetechniquestomakethebuildingintoanewera.Architectsshouldbebasedoninnovation,andconstantlyadjusttheirowncreativeideas,adapttothecharacteristicsandrequirementsofthepresentera.Buildingusingtheirownspeciallanguagetoexpressthecharacteristicsofthetimes,reflectingthetechnology,ideas,philosophyandaestheticschangingtimes.Inthefinalanalysis,isthespiritofthetimesdeterminesthemaindirectionofthebuilding.
Withcontemporaryarchitectureandcross-penetrationofotherdisciplines,suchasecology,topologygeometryandparametricdesignofnewconceptsandtoolsareintroducedarchitecturalcreation,greatlyexpandedthescopeofarchitecturallanguage.Architectsshouldenhancelearning,understandingnewtrendsanddevelopmentdisciplines,continuetoexpandandenrichtheirknowledge,butalsoananalysisofthevision,learnfromthebest,toenrichtheirowndesignstobringinnovativeideastoadapttochangesanddemandsofthetimes.
Withtheprocessofmodernization,humansocietyisfacingurbanchaos,environmentaldegradation,resourceconsumptionwitheredcrisis.ProtectionofthenaturalenvironmentofhumanbeingstosurviveKai,efficientuseofresources,thedevelopmentofenergy-savingtechnologytocreatelivableresidentialenvironmenthasbecomeacommonconcernintodayssocietyandtheprinciplestofollow.ContemporaryArchitectureDesignmustpayattentiontohumansettlementsenvironment,attentioninthedesignofresourceconservation,ecologicalprioritytoimplementtheprincipleofprotectingtheenvironment,peopleandnature,scienceandthehumanitiessyncsustainabledevelopment.
Developmentoftodaysworldismovingtowardculturalconvergence,whichreflectsthedevelopmentandregionalboundariestobreakthemoderntechnology,itdoesnotmeantoabandonthefeatureisnotequaltoobliteratetraditionandlocalculture.Traditionalsocialstabilityasaprerequisiteforthedevelopmentandsurvival,theonlyconstantinnovationinordertoshowitsgreatvitality.Notraditionalcultureisnofoundationfortheculture,notgoodinheritance,thereisnobasisforinnovation,whileleavinginnovation,onthelackofinheritedpower,willmakeusintoconservativeandretro.Promoteculturaldevelopment;foundationisinherited,thekeyisinnovation.
ThecreationofamodernbuildingwithChinesecharacteristics,thespiritofthetimesandproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweenpromotingtraditionalarchitecturalculture.Traditionisnotatraditionalsymbolcollageorcopysomeelementsinthenewbuildings,buttheabsorptionoftraditionalcultureconnotation,seekingcombinedwithmodernthinkingandtechnology.
VI．Building"ThreeFeatures"ofharmonyandunity
Thefeaturesofregion,cultureandtimesisawholeconcept.Regionalarchitecturalfoundationofsurvival,culturalconnotationandtaste,thebuildingembodiesthespiritofthetimesandthedevelopmentofthebuilding.Threearecomplementary.Indivisible,regionalhumancultureitself,includingregional,geographicalandenvironmentalcharacteristicsofthetimesandcultureoftheregionstraditionalcultureandthespiritofthetimesfusionandsublimation,isthegeographicalcharacteristicsofthetimes,thetraditionalandthemodernscientificandculturalcontextofacomprehensiveanddevelopment.Lookingatthecreationoftheworldmanyoutstandingbuildings,reflectsthe"nature"ofthesynthesis.Fromthebeginning,theideaof??thearchitectshouldbewellunderstoodandintegrateduseofthebuilding,"nature"andtheprincipleofthecreationofconsistent,itwaspossiblethecreationofdistinctivemodernarchitecture.
Consideringtheconstructionofregional,cultural,times,isengagedinaneraofuniversalprinciplesofurbanplanningandarchitecturaldesign,itisthestartingpointforcreativedesign,butalsotheprerequisiteandbasisforarchitecturalinnovation.
Chinaisattheclimaxofurbanconstruction,themassiveconstructionprojectsthroughoutthecountry,isveryactivefieldofarchitecturaldesign,architectsinthegoldenageofentrepreneurship.However,duetolackofpropercreativethinking,inamarketdriveneconomy,underthedominantWesterncultureandthestrongimpactoftheintroductionofdesignthinkingindisarray.SomedesignsblindlycopytheWest,onbehalfofthemodernWesternmistaken,thetrendasaclassic;borrowedsomedesignorsymbolontraditionalformsofthoughtistopromotetraditionalfeatures,thelackofcultureandcharacteristicsofthetimes,thecityexists"thousandsofcityside"phenomenonfailedtotakerootintheregionsnaturalandhumanenvironment,Chinesecharacteristicsgraduallydisappear,cannotfindtherightdirectioninthecreationofintricatedesignconditionsandsocialenvironment.Manyoftheworldsoutstandingarchitectureandthecreationofalargenumberofsuccessfulpracticeshowsthatembodiestheharmonyofgeographical,culturalandage,consideringtheconstructionofthreepropertiescanbe"tailored"todesigncreativeanddistinctivegoodworks.
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