射频芯片nRF905无线数据通信系统的设计
射频芯片nRFIX0V无线数据通信系统的设计
王代华,张志杰,范锦彪
重点实验室测量仪器科学与动态
摘要:在nRFIX0V的介绍文件中,它是I.个有IVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHz的射频收发器的芯片.对芯片的配置进行研究.据此,作者设计了I.种nRFIX0V和MCU,且外部元件极少的无线数据通讯系统.同时给出了该系统的有效设计及预期结果.
应用该nRFIX0V的信息沟通技术进入单I.射频的可行性,分析了两侧的文件.nRFIX0V的由协议控制等模块的电源管理,晶体振荡器,低噪声放大器,频率合成器,功率放大器,通讯,曼彻斯特编码和解码芯片是由硬件完成的,采用SPI接口与控制器传达了微型,方便配置.微控制芯片ATVIIIIXCVI.的是普遍用来管理系统,该控制器结合VIII个字节的CPU与FPEROM的单芯片,系统编程的重复,这是正确的被使用.设计困难的是要树立正确的通信协议,以获得充分的信息交流和沟通,控制系统的正常时间之间的引信和火.中断的方法,是采用并行通信实现招待会上发射的通信和在适当的时候与发光模块和中央控制模块的信号时间的要求,满足正确的.I.个简单的算法自动单位检查核实中央微控制保证数据的完整性和接待的排放.在两节点的通信方法,给出这I.思想,这是有意义的研究多节点通信,图案重叠电路,以验证技术的可行性,并确认各节点之间的沟通,适当的时间,提高I.般系统的影响.
关键字:nRFIX0V通信通信距离误差率
Ⅰ.导言
数据通信问题是动态测试和测量领域很难解决的I.个问题.当测试车辆的机械部件的参数,炸弹的下降加速度,爆炸压力冲击波的加速度.信号电缆很难使用存储的测试方法进行实时操作的.因此,无线数据通信的I.个极为有效的途径.
Ⅱ.nRFIX0V
nRFIX0V是I.个为IV *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
IIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHz的ISM频段的单片机.这个无线收发器是I.个集成了完整的频率合成器.晶体振荡器和调制器组成.在nRFIX0V芯片中有两种工作状态,以及两个节电模式.主动模式包括的ShockBurstRX模式以及ShockBurstTX模式(掉电和SP-编程)和STY和SPI模式(待机和SPI编程).他的工作模式由TRX_CE,TX_EN和PV/R_UP决定,这在下表I.中具体显示.
表I.
nRFIX0V工作模式
PWR_UPTPX_CETX_EN工作模式
0XX掉电与SPI编程
I.0X待机与SPI编程
I.I.0ShockBurst接收
I.I.I.ShockBurst发射
nRFIX0V采用NordicNLSI公司的ShockBurst技术.使得nRFIX0V能够提供高速的数据传输,而无需昂贵的高速MCU进行数据处理和时钟覆盖.通过允许应用程序在低速下进行数字部分运行,同时最大限度地使用射频链路数据速率,在nRFIX0V的ShockBurst模式中,减少了在应用中的平均电流消耗.
nRFIX0V的所有配置是通过I.个SPI接口.该接口由IV个引脚和V个内部寄存器组成.这IV个引脚包括SCK,MISO,MOSI和CSN.V个内置寄存器分别是状态寄存器.RF配置寄存器.发送地址寄存器.发送有效数据寄存器.接收有效数据寄存器.某个SPI指令的设置决定了他们相应的功能.SPI接口只能在激活时,该芯片才能处于待机或关机模式.任何I.条指令均从CSN的由高到低的转换开始.寄存器操作时,每次只能读/写I.个字节,或者先给出读/写的开始字节地址,然后再进行读/写的操作.
Ⅲ.系统设计
无线数据通信系统包括硬件电路和通信协议.
A.硬件电路设计
系统硬件电路是以单片机和nRFIX0V为核心元件.由单片机的I/O端口分别控制nRFIX0V的状态接口.模式接口和SPI接口,如图I.所示.其中,单片机选用Microchip公司的PICI.VIFVIIIVIIVI,该单片机采用II层流水线结构的设计,内置VIIIKB×I.IVFlash的程序存储器,IIIVIVIIIByte的数据存储器,IIVVIByteEEPROM数据存储器,I.III个中断源,PORTA.PORTB.PORTCIII个I/O端口,III个定时器和I.个看门狗定时器,II个CCP模块,支持串行USART模块等,适用于无线传输系统的控制.
图I.硬件电路原理图
另外,系统还加强了PCB的电磁兼容性设计.采用了双面板设计,并保留底层作为接地面;电源滤波电容尽量靠近nRFIX0V放置,采用电容并联方式;nRFIX0V所有的电源和旁路电容的接入点都要尽量靠近引脚;接地引脚直接通过孔与底面的地层连接;所有的开关数字信号和控制信号都远离晶体振荡器和电源线.
无线电通信模块可以适应发送数据,充当目标数据发送的系列接口的通信模块.nRFIX0V的是单I.射频无线传输和接收芯片.已通过SPI接口布局,方便沟通和单芯片.SPI的nRFIX0V的接口是由SCK.CSN.leMISO和MOSI.单片机可以通过分配的SPI接口的通信模式控制nRFIX0V的工作参数,SPI通过发送和接收数据,控制接口的数据和接收模式.nRFIX0Vi输出接口有CD,A *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
M和DR,CD组成承担检测输出;AM,地址匹配输出,DR,输出数据.这些硬件设备良好的保证兼容性与nRFIX0V的数据通信.nRFIX0V的工作模式根据TRX_CE,TX_EN和PWR_UP的说明,这些输出口是由单片机控制,连接方法如图I.所示.
通信协议必须适合实现每个检测节点之间良好的沟通.通讯协议可以作为双方沟通形式规定的定义,规定是作为数据格式的统I.监管等问题,同步系统,传输速度,传输步骤,错误检测和等.这个磁性检测系统需要共享信息的目标幅度,随时间变化,根据任务的需要确定的磁性目标速度和方位.有效的沟通必须实现两个系统之间的节点通信,接收到的数据可以识别的信号是从哪个点发出.
B.通信协议设计
这种系统的全球协议的目的是为了在嵌入式协议中,由单片机实现软件控制,并采取错误-中断-转发"的格式.如果错误出现在通信系统中,单片机将产生中断,正常处理和传输/接收前的数据.根据收发两端的不同的任务,整个系统分为:主控系统和从控系统.协议也相应的分为两个部分:主控协议和从控协议.前者为图II所示.
发射后,主系统将读指令,它将从从控系统读取数据信息.并且这将产生中断,只要数据上的CDAMDR数据不合乎规程.那么,数据将被重传,并且主控系统再次进入接收模式,等待传输的完成.
从控系统如图III所示.
如果在检测网络时,要实现的目标信息传送和接收,然后实时通信之间必须检测模块和通信模块的实现.数据模块检测模块之间的沟通和交流可实现沟通的I.系列方法,根据现有的硬件结构.
VI.系列单芯片并行接口的接口,除了IV系列VIII个字节外,这是整个系列接口全双工串行通信接口,也就是说,它可以发送和接收的时间在同样的数据系列,可以方便地与系统之间的通信点的点之间通信,单点多点通信.
VI.系列单片机的接口都是可编程的,每个规格可输入到特殊功能寄存器SCON中的I.系列通信协议和PCON内的.SCON的接收和控制接口交付系列,并指出该方法和沟通,国家的I.系列接口.SMODPCON的字节是波特率乘法字节.根据实际硬件条件,可以模式III传达串联方式,巴德率IIIV00B/S的.
当有效的数据包被接收时,单片机将对数据做第I.个判断,如果是读指令,目前数据将被传输出去,否则,以前的数据将被重新传输I.次,直到传输完成.
Ⅳ.实验
通信实验是为了检验和提高系统的性能,以下的可靠性实验是这I.典型的实验结果.
A.室内实验
主控系统和从控系统在由被钢钢筋混凝土墙隔离在不同房间你.整个数据量大约VI.IIKbytes.实验结果可以看到如表Ⅱ.
表Ⅱ
室内实验的结果
次数隔离围墙距离(m)时间(s)数据率(bps)误差率(%)
I.III.0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIIIIII0IIIIIIVI.II.IXIVV0
IIIIVIII0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVVIIIVIIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.I.0
VVIIV0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0.0I.
因为在传输数据过程中被打包,整个方案将残生I.次联络失败,因此在表Ⅱ的错误率是:
这里I.VIIIIVIIIIV是数据包总的传输时间.错误率反映了重传率而不是收到错误信息.
B.户外实验
同A,主控系统和从控系统,放置在街道,建筑物或者树木的任意I.点.实验结果见表Ⅲ.
表Ⅲ
户外实验的结果
Seq.次数距离(m)时间(s)数据率(bps)误差率(%)
I.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
III.00IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIII.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVII00IIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.0II
通过上述两个表分析,我们发现:首先,无线电信号的功耗大于室外.其次,错误率主要与通信距离有关.第III,移动仪器对数据通信数有影响.
Ⅴ.结论
在无线数据传输中,使用射频传输和单片机接收模块结构简单,运行稳定可靠,抗干扰能力强,这满足了该类设计的技术要求.
本文设计的系统已被成功的应用到存储的冲击波测试和测量系统,实现了对控制指令的无线数据通信和存储的数据.
参考文献
[I.]北欧集成电路ASA的nRFIX0V数据,II00IV.I.
[II]北欧集成电路ASA的nRFIX0V数据,II00II.I.II
[III]Microchip公司,PICI.VIFVIIIVIIX数据,I.IXIXIX年
[IV]尚星耀.无线射频芯片nRFIX0V在无线测温系统中的应用.刘郁文.机械?工程.II00V,IIII(I.0):IVII-IVV.
[V]俞波,章松.短距离无线通信系统的设计与实现.成都机电学术.II00V,(III):IIVI-IIVIII.
[VI]谭哩昂,胡姬.nRFIXEV多点无线温度采集系统的设计.杭州大学电子科学与技术.II00VI,IIVI(IV):III0-IIIIII.
附件II:外文原文
DesignofWirelessDataCommunicationSystemBasedonRfChipnRFIX0V
DaihuaWang,ZhijieZhang,JinbiaoFan
KeyLaboratoryofInstrumentationScience&DynamicMeasurement
Abstract:InthispaperanewRFchipIVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHztransceivernRFIX0Visintroduced.Andconfigurationofthechiphasbeenstudied.accordingtothis,theauthordesignedawirelessdatacommunicationsystemwithfewext-ernalcomponents,butthenRFIX0VandMCU.Thispapergivesboththedesig-nofthissystemiseffectiveandtheresultsareasanticipated.
ThefeasibilityofapplyingthesinglechippedRFnRFIX0Vintothefuzeinformationcrosscommunicationtechnologyisanalyzedinthepaper.nRFIX0Vconsistsofsuchmodulesaselectricsourcemanagement,crystaloscillator,lownoiseamplifier,frequencysynthesizer,poweramplifier,communicationprotocolcontrol,Manchester’scodeanddecodearecompletedbythehardwareinthechip,interfacedbySPIandcommunicatedbymicro-controller,isconvenienttoconfiguration.Micro-controlledchipATVIIIIXCVI.isusedtomanagegenerallytothesystem,thecontrollercombiningVIIIbytesCPUwithFPEROMonthesinglechip,programmedrepetitively,whichispropertobeusedbythesystem.Thedifficultyofthedesignistoestablishthepropercommunicationprotocoltogetfullinformationsharingandtocommunicateinthepropertimebetweenthefuzeandfirecontrolsystem.Themethodofparallelcommunicationandinterruptionisadoptedtorealizethecommunicationinthepropertimebetweentheemittingmoduleandthecentralcontrolmodule,whichsatisfiestheproper-timerequirementofsignalemissionandreceptionandnotaffectstheworkingefficiencyofmaincontrolmodule.Asimpleverificationalgorithmautomaticallycheckedbycentralmicro-controlledunitguaranteesthedataintegrityofemissionandreception.ThemethodofIInodescommunicationisgivenbasedonthisthought,whichismeaningfultoresearchmulti-nodecommunication,pictorialcircuitislappedtoverifythetechnologyfeasibilityandconfirmthecommunicationinthepropertimebetweeneachnode,andincreasethegeneraloperationaleffectofweaponsystem.
Keywords:nRFIX0Vcommunicationratecommunicationdistanceerrorrate
Ⅰ.Introduction
Datacommunicationproblemisdifficulttosolveindynamictestingandmeasurementfield.whentestingparametersofvehiclesmechaniccompone-nts,impactaccelerationoffallingbomb,overpresureofshockwaves,signalcableishardtobegotinreal-timeoperationusingthestoredtestingmetho-d.Thuswirelessdatacommunicationisaneffectiveway.
Ⅱ.nRFIX0V
nRFIX0Visasingle-chipradiotransceiverfortheIVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHzISMband.Thetransceiverconsistsofafullyintegratedfrequencysynthesiser,acrystaloscillatorandamodulator.
ThenRFIX0Vhastwoactivemodesandtwopower-savingmodes.ActivemodesincludeShockBurstRXmodeandShockBurstTXmode(PowerdownandSP-programming)andSTY&SPImode(StandbyandSPI-programmin-g).TheoperationalmodeisdecidedbythesettingsofTRX_CE,TX_ENandPV/R_UP,whichisshowedinTableI..
TABLEI.
nRFIX0VOPERATIONMODE
PWR_UPTPX_CETX_ENOperatingmode
0XXPWR&SPI
I.0XSTY&SPI
I.I.0ShockBurstRX
I.I.I.ShockBurstTX
ThenRFIX0VusestheNordicVLSIShockBurstfeature,whichmakesitpossibletoworkatahighdataratewithouttheneedofacostly,high-speedMCUfordataprocessing/clockrecovery.Byallowingthedigitalpartoftheapplicationtorunatlowspeed,whilemaximizingthedatarateontheRFlink,thenRFIX0VShockBurstmodereducestheaveragecurrentconsumptioninapplications.
AllconfigurationofthenRFIX0VisviaaSPIinterface.Theinterfacecons-istsoffourpintsandfiveinternalregisters.ThefourpinsincludeSCK,MIS-O,MOSIandCSN.ThefiveregistersaretheStatus-Register,TX-PayloadRegister.ASPIinstrutionsetisusedtodecidewhichoperationshallbeper-formed.TheSPIinterfacecanonlybeactivateswhenthechipisinstandbyorpowerdownmode.EverynewinstructionmustbestartedbyahightolowtransitiononCSN.Areadorawriteoperationmayoperateonasinglebyteoronasetofsucceedingbytesfromagivenstartaddressdefinedbyinstruc-tion.WhenaccessingsucceedingbytesonewillreadorwriteMSBofthebytewiththesmallestbytenumberfirst.
Ⅲ.SYSTEMDESIGN
Wirelessdatacommunicationsystemconsistsofhardwarecircuitandco-mmunicationprotocols.
A.HardwareCircuit
MCUandnRFIX0Vworkascorecomponentsinthissystem.MCUcontrolsnRFIXIX0Vsstatusinterface,modeinterfaceaswellasSPIthroughI/Qport,seeFigI..TheMCUPICI.VIFVIIIVIIVIdevelopedbyMicrochipCorporation,andithasaVIIIK×I.IVflashprogrammemory,aIIIVIVIIIBytesdatamemory,aIIVVIBytesEEPROMdatamemory,thirteeninterruptsource,threeI/Qport,andaUSA-RTmodelswhichmakeitverysuittocontrolthesystem.
FIG.I.HardwareConnectionSchematic
Inthissystem,severalkindsofmethodarebroughtupconcerningtheElectr-omagneticCompatibility(EMC):aPCBwithtwolayersincludingagroundplaneisdesigned,supplyvoltagearedecoupledascloseaspossibletotheVDDpinswithhighperformanceRFcapacitors,nRFIX0Vssupplyvol-tageisfilteredandroutedseparatelyfromthesupplyvoltagesofanydigitalcircuitry,etc.
Radiocommunicationmodulecanproperlysenddata,whenthetargetdataissenttothecommunicationmodulebytheseriesinterface.nRFIX0VisbasedonsinglechippedRFradiodeliveryandreception.,hasconvenientlayoutcommunicatingbySPIinterfaceandsinglechip.SPIinterfaceofnRFIX0ViscomposedofSCK.CSN.leMISOandMOSI.thesinglechipcanallocatetheworkingparametersofnRFIX0VbySPIinterfaceinthecommunicationmode,andsendandreceivedatabySPIinterfaceinthedeliveryandreceptionmode.StateoutputinterfaceofnRFIX0ViiscomposedofCD.AMandDR,CDsuppliesthecarrierdetectionoutput;AM,addressmatchingoutput;DR,dataforoutput.ThesehardwaredeviceensuregoodcompatibilitybetweennRFIX0Vandsinglechippeddatacommunication..TheworkingmodeofnRFIX0VisallocatedaccordingtothespecificationsheetsbyTRX_CE.TX_ENandPWR_UP,Theseleadsarecontrolledbythesinglechip,theleadconnectingmethodisshowninFig.
Communicationprotocolmustbeproperlyestablishedtorealizegoodcommunicationamongeachdetectionnode.Thecommunicationprotocolcanbedefinedasakindofstipulationofbothcommunicationsides,stipulationistheuniformregulationforsuchproblemsasdataformat,synchronizingsystem,transmittingvelocity,transmittingsteps,errordetectionandcorrectionandcontrolcharacterdefinition.Thismagneticdetectionsystemneedstosharethetargetamplitudeinformationchangingwithtimeaccordingtotherequirementofthetasktoidentifythemagnetictargetvelocityandazimuth.Effectivecommunicationmustberealizedbetweentwonodesofthesystem,andthereceiveddatacanidentifythatthesignalisfromwhichnod,thenthecommunicationprotocolcanbemadeintothefollowingtype.
B.CommunicationProtocols
TheglobalprotocolinthissystemisdesignedbasedontheembeddedprotocolisrealizedbythesoftwareofMCU,andadopt"error-interrupt-retransmit"format.Iferrorappearsduringcommunication,MCUwillgene-rateinterruptinthenormalprocessandtransmit/receivepreviousdata.Ac-cordingtodifferenttasksofthesidesinthecommunication,thesystemisdividedintotwoparts:MastersystemandSlavesystem,andtheprotocolisalsocorrespondingtwo:MasterprotocolandSlaveprotocol.TheformerisshownasFig.II.
AfterMastersystemtransmitreadinstruction,itwillwaitfordatafromSlavesystem.InterruptwillbegeneratedsolongasoneoftheCDAMDRisoutoforder.Then,readinstructionwillberetransmitted,andMastersystementerreceivemodeagain.
SlaveprotocolispresentedasFig.III.
Whileavaliddatapackageisreceived.MCUwilljudgethedatafirst,ifitsareadinstruction,presentdatawillbetransmitted,otherwise,thepreviousdatawillberetransmitted.
Ifdetectionnetworkwantstorealizethedeliveryandreceptionoftargetinformation,thenreal-timecommunicationmustberealizedbetweenthedetectionmoduleandcommunicationmodule.Datacommunicationbetweenthedetectionmoduleandthecommunicationmodulecanberealizedbycommunicatingmethodinseries,accordingtotheexistinghardwarestructure.
VI.seriessinglechiphasseriesinterfacesexceptIVVIII-byteparallelinterfaces.Thisseriesinterfaceisthewholeduplexseriescommunicationinterface,thatistosay,itcansendandreceivedatainseriesatthesametime,itisconvenienttocommunicatebetweenpointandpointofthesystem,betweensingle-machineandmulti-machine.
VI.seriessinglechipinterfacesareallprogrammable,eachspecificationcanbeinputtedintothespecialfunctionregisterSCONandPCONintheseriescommunicationprotocol.SCONcontrolsthereceptionanddeliveryoftheseriesinterface,andindicatesthecommunicatingmethodandstateoftheseriesinterface,.SMODbyteofPCONisBaudratemultiplicationbyte.Accordingtothepracticalhardwarecondition,itcanbecommunicatedinthewayofseriesmodeIII,BardrateisIIIV00B/S.
Ⅳ.EXPERIMENT
Communicationexperimentistotestandimprovethereliabilityofthesystem.Thefollowingarethetypicalexperimentsresults.
A.IndoorsExperiment
TheauthorplacestheMastersystemandtheSlavesystemindifferentroomswhicharesegregatedbysteelreinforcedconcretewalls.ThewholedataamountisVI.IIKbytes.ExperimentresultscanbesawasTableⅡ.
INDOORSEXPERIMENTSRESULTS
Seq.SegregatewallsDistance(m)Time(s)Datarate(bps)Errorrate(%)
I.III.0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIIIIII0IIIIIIVI.II.IXIVV0
IIIIVIII0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVVIIIVIIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.I.0
VVIIV0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0.0I.
Becausedataintransmissionarepackaged,thewholepackagewillloseoncecommunicationfailed,thustheerrorrateintableⅡisdefinedas:
WhereI.VIIIIVIIIIVistotaltransmissiontimesinpackageform.Errorratereflecttheretransmissionratebutnotthereceivederrordaterate.
B.OutdoorsExperiment
SameasA,theMastersystemandtheSlavesystemaresetattheendofthestreet,buildingsandtreesareatbothsides.SeetableⅢforexperimentresults.
TABLEⅢ
OUTDOORSEXPERIMENTSRESULTS
Seq.Distance(m)Time(s)Datarate(bps)Errorrate(%)
I.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
III.00IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIII.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVII00IIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.0II
Inanalysisoftheabovetwotables,itisfoundthat:First,radiosignalpowerconsumptionislargerthanoutdoors.Second,errorrateismainlyassociatedwithcommunicationdistance.Third,mobilevehicleshavefeweffectsondatacommunication.
Ⅴ.CONCLUSION
ThestructureofradiodatatransmissionflatusingRFdeliveryandreceptionmoduleandsinglechippedstructureissimple,operationisstableandreliable,theanti-disturbancecapacityisstrong,whichsatisfythetechnologicalrequirementoftheareadetectionnetwork.
Thesystemdesignedinthispaperhasbeenappliedsuccessfulintoshockwavesstoredtestingandmeasurementsystem,realizedthewirelessdatacommunicationforthecontrolinstructionandthestoreddata.
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王代华,张志杰,范锦彪
重点实验室测量仪器科学与动态
摘要:在nRFIX0V的介绍文件中,它是I.个有IVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHz的射频收发器的芯片.对芯片的配置进行研究.据此,作者设计了I.种nRFIX0V和MCU,且外部元件极少的无线数据通讯系统.同时给出了该系统的有效设计及预期结果.
应用该nRFIX0V的信息沟通技术进入单I.射频的可行性,分析了两侧的文件.nRFIX0V的由协议控制等模块的电源管理,晶体振荡器,低噪声放大器,频率合成器,功率放大器,通讯,曼彻斯特编码和解码芯片是由硬件完成的,采用SPI接口与控制器传达了微型,方便配置.微控制芯片ATVIIIIXCVI.的是普遍用来管理系统,该控制器结合VIII个字节的CPU与FPEROM的单芯片,系统编程的重复,这是正确的被使用.设计困难的是要树立正确的通信协议,以获得充分的信息交流和沟通,控制系统的正常时间之间的引信和火.中断的方法,是采用并行通信实现招待会上发射的通信和在适当的时候与发光模块和中央控制模块的信号时间的要求,满足正确的.I.个简单的算法自动单位检查核实中央微控制保证数据的完整性和接待的排放.在两节点的通信方法,给出这I.思想,这是有意义的研究多节点通信,图案重叠电路,以验证技术的可行性,并确认各节点之间的沟通,适当的时间,提高I.般系统的影响.
关键字:nRFIX0V通信通信距离误差率
Ⅰ.导言
数据通信问题是动态测试和测量领域很难解决的I.个问题.当测试车辆的机械部件的参数,炸弹的下降加速度,爆炸压力冲击波的加速度.信号电缆很难使用存储的测试方法进行实时操作的.因此,无线数据通信的I.个极为有效的途径.
Ⅱ.nRFIX0V
nRFIX0V是I.个为IV *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
IIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHz的ISM频段的单片机.这个无线收发器是I.个集成了完整的频率合成器.晶体振荡器和调制器组成.在nRFIX0V芯片中有两种工作状态,以及两个节电模式.主动模式包括的ShockBurstRX模式以及ShockBurstTX模式(掉电和SP-编程)和STY和SPI模式(待机和SPI编程).他的工作模式由TRX_CE,TX_EN和PV/R_UP决定,这在下表I.中具体显示.
表I.
nRFIX0V工作模式
PWR_UPTPX_CETX_EN工作模式
0XX掉电与SPI编程
I.0X待机与SPI编程
I.I.0ShockBurst接收
I.I.I.ShockBurst发射
nRFIX0V采用NordicNLSI公司的ShockBurst技术.使得nRFIX0V能够提供高速的数据传输,而无需昂贵的高速MCU进行数据处理和时钟覆盖.通过允许应用程序在低速下进行数字部分运行,同时最大限度地使用射频链路数据速率,在nRFIX0V的ShockBurst模式中,减少了在应用中的平均电流消耗.
nRFIX0V的所有配置是通过I.个SPI接口.该接口由IV个引脚和V个内部寄存器组成.这IV个引脚包括SCK,MISO,MOSI和CSN.V个内置寄存器分别是状态寄存器.RF配置寄存器.发送地址寄存器.发送有效数据寄存器.接收有效数据寄存器.某个SPI指令的设置决定了他们相应的功能.SPI接口只能在激活时,该芯片才能处于待机或关机模式.任何I.条指令均从CSN的由高到低的转换开始.寄存器操作时,每次只能读/写I.个字节,或者先给出读/写的开始字节地址,然后再进行读/写的操作.
Ⅲ.系统设计
无线数据通信系统包括硬件电路和通信协议.
A.硬件电路设计
系统硬件电路是以单片机和nRFIX0V为核心元件.由单片机的I/O端口分别控制nRFIX0V的状态接口.模式接口和SPI接口,如图I.所示.其中,单片机选用Microchip公司的PICI.VIFVIIIVIIVI,该单片机采用II层流水线结构的设计,内置VIIIKB×I.IVFlash的程序存储器,IIIVIVIIIByte的数据存储器,IIVVIByteEEPROM数据存储器,I.III个中断源,PORTA.PORTB.PORTCIII个I/O端口,III个定时器和I.个看门狗定时器,II个CCP模块,支持串行USART模块等,适用于无线传输系统的控制.
图I.硬件电路原理图
另外,系统还加强了PCB的电磁兼容性设计.采用了双面板设计,并保留底层作为接地面;电源滤波电容尽量靠近nRFIX0V放置,采用电容并联方式;nRFIX0V所有的电源和旁路电容的接入点都要尽量靠近引脚;接地引脚直接通过孔与底面的地层连接;所有的开关数字信号和控制信号都远离晶体振荡器和电源线.
无线电通信模块可以适应发送数据,充当目标数据发送的系列接口的通信模块.nRFIX0V的是单I.射频无线传输和接收芯片.已通过SPI接口布局,方便沟通和单芯片.SPI的nRFIX0V的接口是由SCK.CSN.leMISO和MOSI.单片机可以通过分配的SPI接口的通信模式控制nRFIX0V的工作参数,SPI通过发送和接收数据,控制接口的数据和接收模式.nRFIX0Vi输出接口有CD,A *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
M和DR,CD组成承担检测输出;AM,地址匹配输出,DR,输出数据.这些硬件设备良好的保证兼容性与nRFIX0V的数据通信.nRFIX0V的工作模式根据TRX_CE,TX_EN和PWR_UP的说明,这些输出口是由单片机控制,连接方法如图I.所示.
通信协议必须适合实现每个检测节点之间良好的沟通.通讯协议可以作为双方沟通形式规定的定义,规定是作为数据格式的统I.监管等问题,同步系统,传输速度,传输步骤,错误检测和等.这个磁性检测系统需要共享信息的目标幅度,随时间变化,根据任务的需要确定的磁性目标速度和方位.有效的沟通必须实现两个系统之间的节点通信,接收到的数据可以识别的信号是从哪个点发出.
B.通信协议设计
这种系统的全球协议的目的是为了在嵌入式协议中,由单片机实现软件控制,并采取错误-中断-转发"的格式.如果错误出现在通信系统中,单片机将产生中断,正常处理和传输/接收前的数据.根据收发两端的不同的任务,整个系统分为:主控系统和从控系统.协议也相应的分为两个部分:主控协议和从控协议.前者为图II所示.
发射后,主系统将读指令,它将从从控系统读取数据信息.并且这将产生中断,只要数据上的CDAMDR数据不合乎规程.那么,数据将被重传,并且主控系统再次进入接收模式,等待传输的完成.
从控系统如图III所示.
如果在检测网络时,要实现的目标信息传送和接收,然后实时通信之间必须检测模块和通信模块的实现.数据模块检测模块之间的沟通和交流可实现沟通的I.系列方法,根据现有的硬件结构.
VI.系列单芯片并行接口的接口,除了IV系列VIII个字节外,这是整个系列接口全双工串行通信接口,也就是说,它可以发送和接收的时间在同样的数据系列,可以方便地与系统之间的通信点的点之间通信,单点多点通信.
VI.系列单片机的接口都是可编程的,每个规格可输入到特殊功能寄存器SCON中的I.系列通信协议和PCON内的.SCON的接收和控制接口交付系列,并指出该方法和沟通,国家的I.系列接口.SMODPCON的字节是波特率乘法字节.根据实际硬件条件,可以模式III传达串联方式,巴德率IIIV00B/S的.
当有效的数据包被接收时,单片机将对数据做第I.个判断,如果是读指令,目前数据将被传输出去,否则,以前的数据将被重新传输I.次,直到传输完成.
Ⅳ.实验
通信实验是为了检验和提高系统的性能,以下的可靠性实验是这I.典型的实验结果.
A.室内实验
主控系统和从控系统在由被钢钢筋混凝土墙隔离在不同房间你.整个数据量大约VI.IIKbytes.实验结果可以看到如表Ⅱ.
表Ⅱ
室内实验的结果
次数隔离围墙距离(m)时间(s)数据率(bps)误差率(%)
I.III.0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIIIIII0IIIIIIVI.II.IXIVV0
IIIIVIII0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVVIIIVIIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.I.0
VVIIV0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0.0I.
因为在传输数据过程中被打包,整个方案将残生I.次联络失败,因此在表Ⅱ的错误率是:
这里I.VIIIIVIIIIV是数据包总的传输时间.错误率反映了重传率而不是收到错误信息.
B.户外实验
同A,主控系统和从控系统,放置在街道,建筑物或者树木的任意I.点.实验结果见表Ⅲ.
表Ⅲ
户外实验的结果
Seq.次数距离(m)时间(s)数据率(bps)误差率(%)
I.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
III.00IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIII.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVII00IIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.0II
通过上述两个表分析,我们发现:首先,无线电信号的功耗大于室外.其次,错误率主要与通信距离有关.第III,移动仪器对数据通信数有影响.
Ⅴ.结论
在无线数据传输中,使用射频传输和单片机接收模块结构简单,运行稳定可靠,抗干扰能力强,这满足了该类设计的技术要求.
本文设计的系统已被成功的应用到存储的冲击波测试和测量系统,实现了对控制指令的无线数据通信和存储的数据.
参考文献
[I.]北欧集成电路ASA的nRFIX0V数据,II00IV.I.
[II]北欧集成电路ASA的nRFIX0V数据,II00II.I.II
[III]Microchip公司,PICI.VIFVIIIVIIX数据,I.IXIXIX年
[IV]尚星耀.无线射频芯片nRFIX0V在无线测温系统中的应用.刘郁文.机械?工程.II00V,IIII(I.0):IVII-IVV.
[V]俞波,章松.短距离无线通信系统的设计与实现.成都机电学术.II00V,(III):IIVI-IIVIII.
[VI]谭哩昂,胡姬.nRFIXEV多点无线温度采集系统的设计.杭州大学电子科学与技术.II00VI,IIVI(IV):III0-IIIIII.
附件II:外文原文
DesignofWirelessDataCommunicationSystemBasedonRfChipnRFIX0V
DaihuaWang,ZhijieZhang,JinbiaoFan
KeyLaboratoryofInstrumentationScience&DynamicMeasurement
Abstract:InthispaperanewRFchipIVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHztransceivernRFIX0Visintroduced.Andconfigurationofthechiphasbeenstudied.accordingtothis,theauthordesignedawirelessdatacommunicationsystemwithfewext-ernalcomponents,butthenRFIX0VandMCU.Thispapergivesboththedesig-nofthissystemiseffectiveandtheresultsareasanticipated.
ThefeasibilityofapplyingthesinglechippedRFnRFIX0Vintothefuzeinformationcrosscommunicationtechnologyisanalyzedinthepaper.nRFIX0Vconsistsofsuchmodulesaselectricsourcemanagement,crystaloscillator,lownoiseamplifier,frequencysynthesizer,poweramplifier,communicationprotocolcontrol,Manchester’scodeanddecodearecompletedbythehardwareinthechip,interfacedbySPIandcommunicatedbymicro-controller,isconvenienttoconfiguration.Micro-controlledchipATVIIIIXCVI.isusedtomanagegenerallytothesystem,thecontrollercombiningVIIIbytesCPUwithFPEROMonthesinglechip,programmedrepetitively,whichispropertobeusedbythesystem.Thedifficultyofthedesignistoestablishthepropercommunicationprotocoltogetfullinformationsharingandtocommunicateinthepropertimebetweenthefuzeandfirecontrolsystem.Themethodofparallelcommunicationandinterruptionisadoptedtorealizethecommunicationinthepropertimebetweentheemittingmoduleandthecentralcontrolmodule,whichsatisfiestheproper-timerequirementofsignalemissionandreceptionandnotaffectstheworkingefficiencyofmaincontrolmodule.Asimpleverificationalgorithmautomaticallycheckedbycentralmicro-controlledunitguaranteesthedataintegrityofemissionandreception.ThemethodofIInodescommunicationisgivenbasedonthisthought,whichismeaningfultoresearchmulti-nodecommunication,pictorialcircuitislappedtoverifythetechnologyfeasibilityandconfirmthecommunicationinthepropertimebetweeneachnode,andincreasethegeneraloperationaleffectofweaponsystem.
Keywords:nRFIX0Vcommunicationratecommunicationdistanceerrorrate
Ⅰ.Introduction
Datacommunicationproblemisdifficulttosolveindynamictestingandmeasurementfield.whentestingparametersofvehiclesmechaniccompone-nts,impactaccelerationoffallingbomb,overpresureofshockwaves,signalcableishardtobegotinreal-timeoperationusingthestoredtestingmetho-d.Thuswirelessdatacommunicationisaneffectiveway.
Ⅱ.nRFIX0V
nRFIX0Visasingle-chipradiotransceiverfortheIVIIIIII/VIIIVIVIII/IXI.VMHzISMband.Thetransceiverconsistsofafullyintegratedfrequencysynthesiser,acrystaloscillatorandamodulator.
ThenRFIX0Vhastwoactivemodesandtwopower-savingmodes.ActivemodesincludeShockBurstRXmodeandShockBurstTXmode(PowerdownandSP-programming)andSTY&SPImode(StandbyandSPI-programmin-g).TheoperationalmodeisdecidedbythesettingsofTRX_CE,TX_ENandPV/R_UP,whichisshowedinTableI..
TABLEI.
nRFIX0VOPERATIONMODE
PWR_UPTPX_CETX_ENOperatingmode
0XXPWR&SPI
I.0XSTY&SPI
I.I.0ShockBurstRX
I.I.I.ShockBurstTX
ThenRFIX0VusestheNordicVLSIShockBurstfeature,whichmakesitpossibletoworkatahighdataratewithouttheneedofacostly,high-speedMCUfordataprocessing/clockrecovery.Byallowingthedigitalpartoftheapplicationtorunatlowspeed,whilemaximizingthedatarateontheRFlink,thenRFIX0VShockBurstmodereducestheaveragecurrentconsumptioninapplications.
AllconfigurationofthenRFIX0VisviaaSPIinterface.Theinterfacecons-istsoffourpintsandfiveinternalregisters.ThefourpinsincludeSCK,MIS-O,MOSIandCSN.ThefiveregistersaretheStatus-Register,TX-PayloadRegister.ASPIinstrutionsetisusedtodecidewhichoperationshallbeper-formed.TheSPIinterfacecanonlybeactivateswhenthechipisinstandbyorpowerdownmode.EverynewinstructionmustbestartedbyahightolowtransitiononCSN.Areadorawriteoperationmayoperateonasinglebyteoronasetofsucceedingbytesfromagivenstartaddressdefinedbyinstruc-tion.WhenaccessingsucceedingbytesonewillreadorwriteMSBofthebytewiththesmallestbytenumberfirst.
Ⅲ.SYSTEMDESIGN
Wirelessdatacommunicationsystemconsistsofhardwarecircuitandco-mmunicationprotocols.
A.HardwareCircuit
MCUandnRFIX0Vworkascorecomponentsinthissystem.MCUcontrolsnRFIXIX0Vsstatusinterface,modeinterfaceaswellasSPIthroughI/Qport,seeFigI..TheMCUPICI.VIFVIIIVIIVIdevelopedbyMicrochipCorporation,andithasaVIIIK×I.IVflashprogrammemory,aIIIVIVIIIBytesdatamemory,aIIVVIBytesEEPROMdatamemory,thirteeninterruptsource,threeI/Qport,andaUSA-RTmodelswhichmakeitverysuittocontrolthesystem.
FIG.I.HardwareConnectionSchematic
Inthissystem,severalkindsofmethodarebroughtupconcerningtheElectr-omagneticCompatibility(EMC):aPCBwithtwolayersincludingagroundplaneisdesigned,supplyvoltagearedecoupledascloseaspossibletotheVDDpinswithhighperformanceRFcapacitors,nRFIX0Vssupplyvol-tageisfilteredandroutedseparatelyfromthesupplyvoltagesofanydigitalcircuitry,etc.
Radiocommunicationmodulecanproperlysenddata,whenthetargetdataissenttothecommunicationmodulebytheseriesinterface.nRFIX0VisbasedonsinglechippedRFradiodeliveryandreception.,hasconvenientlayoutcommunicatingbySPIinterfaceandsinglechip.SPIinterfaceofnRFIX0ViscomposedofSCK.CSN.leMISOandMOSI.thesinglechipcanallocatetheworkingparametersofnRFIX0VbySPIinterfaceinthecommunicationmode,andsendandreceivedatabySPIinterfaceinthedeliveryandreceptionmode.StateoutputinterfaceofnRFIX0ViiscomposedofCD.AMandDR,CDsuppliesthecarrierdetectionoutput;AM,addressmatchingoutput;DR,dataforoutput.ThesehardwaredeviceensuregoodcompatibilitybetweennRFIX0Vandsinglechippeddatacommunication..TheworkingmodeofnRFIX0VisallocatedaccordingtothespecificationsheetsbyTRX_CE.TX_ENandPWR_UP,Theseleadsarecontrolledbythesinglechip,theleadconnectingmethodisshowninFig.
Communicationprotocolmustbeproperlyestablishedtorealizegoodcommunicationamongeachdetectionnode.Thecommunicationprotocolcanbedefinedasakindofstipulationofbothcommunicationsides,stipulationistheuniformregulationforsuchproblemsasdataformat,synchronizingsystem,transmittingvelocity,transmittingsteps,errordetectionandcorrectionandcontrolcharacterdefinition.Thismagneticdetectionsystemneedstosharethetargetamplitudeinformationchangingwithtimeaccordingtotherequirementofthetasktoidentifythemagnetictargetvelocityandazimuth.Effectivecommunicationmustberealizedbetweentwonodesofthesystem,andthereceiveddatacanidentifythatthesignalisfromwhichnod,thenthecommunicationprotocolcanbemadeintothefollowingtype.
B.CommunicationProtocols
TheglobalprotocolinthissystemisdesignedbasedontheembeddedprotocolisrealizedbythesoftwareofMCU,andadopt"error-interrupt-retransmit"format.Iferrorappearsduringcommunication,MCUwillgene-rateinterruptinthenormalprocessandtransmit/receivepreviousdata.Ac-cordingtodifferenttasksofthesidesinthecommunication,thesystemisdividedintotwoparts:MastersystemandSlavesystem,andtheprotocolisalsocorrespondingtwo:MasterprotocolandSlaveprotocol.TheformerisshownasFig.II.
AfterMastersystemtransmitreadinstruction,itwillwaitfordatafromSlavesystem.InterruptwillbegeneratedsolongasoneoftheCDAMDRisoutoforder.Then,readinstructionwillberetransmitted,andMastersystementerreceivemodeagain.
SlaveprotocolispresentedasFig.III.
Whileavaliddatapackageisreceived.MCUwilljudgethedatafirst,ifitsareadinstruction,presentdatawillbetransmitted,otherwise,thepreviousdatawillberetransmitted.
Ifdetectionnetworkwantstorealizethedeliveryandreceptionoftargetinformation,thenreal-timecommunicationmustberealizedbetweenthedetectionmoduleandcommunicationmodule.Datacommunicationbetweenthedetectionmoduleandthecommunicationmodulecanberealizedbycommunicatingmethodinseries,accordingtotheexistinghardwarestructure.
VI.seriessinglechiphasseriesinterfacesexceptIVVIII-byteparallelinterfaces.Thisseriesinterfaceisthewholeduplexseriescommunicationinterface,thatistosay,itcansendandreceivedatainseriesatthesametime,itisconvenienttocommunicatebetweenpointandpointofthesystem,betweensingle-machineandmulti-machine.
VI.seriessinglechipinterfacesareallprogrammable,eachspecificationcanbeinputtedintothespecialfunctionregisterSCONandPCONintheseriescommunicationprotocol.SCONcontrolsthereceptionanddeliveryoftheseriesinterface,andindicatesthecommunicatingmethodandstateoftheseriesinterface,.SMODbyteofPCONisBaudratemultiplicationbyte.Accordingtothepracticalhardwarecondition,itcanbecommunicatedinthewayofseriesmodeIII,BardrateisIIIV00B/S.
Ⅳ.EXPERIMENT
Communicationexperimentistotestandimprovethereliabilityofthesystem.Thefollowingarethetypicalexperimentsresults.
A.IndoorsExperiment
TheauthorplacestheMastersystemandtheSlavesystemindifferentroomswhicharesegregatedbysteelreinforcedconcretewalls.ThewholedataamountisVI.IIKbytes.ExperimentresultscanbesawasTableⅡ.
INDOORSEXPERIMENTSRESULTS
Seq.SegregatewallsDistance(m)Time(s)Datarate(bps)Errorrate(%)
I.III.0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIIIIII0IIIIIIVI.II.IXIVV0
IIIIVIII0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVVIIIVIIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.I.0
VVIIV0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0.0I.
Becausedataintransmissionarepackaged,thewholepackagewillloseoncecommunicationfailed,thustheerrorrateintableⅡisdefinedas:
WhereI.VIIIIVIIIIVistotaltransmissiontimesinpackageform.Errorratereflecttheretransmissionratebutnotthereceivederrordaterate.
B.OutdoorsExperiment
SameasA,theMastersystemandtheSlavesystemaresetattheendofthestreet,buildingsandtreesareatbothsides.SeetableⅢforexperimentresults.
TABLEⅢ
OUTDOORSEXPERIMENTSRESULTS
Seq.Distance(m)Time(s)Datarate(bps)Errorrate(%)
I.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
III.00IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IIII.V0IIIIII.I.III.0VIVI0
IVII00IIIIIIIII.II.IXVIIIV0.0II
Inanalysisoftheabovetwotables,itisfoundthat:First,radiosignalpowerconsumptionislargerthanoutdoors.Second,errorrateismainlyassociatedwithcommunicationdistance.Third,mobilevehicleshavefeweffectsondatacommunication.
Ⅴ.CONCLUSION
ThestructureofradiodatatransmissionflatusingRFdeliveryandreceptionmoduleandsinglechippedstructureissimple,operationisstableandreliable,theanti-disturbancecapacityisstrong,whichsatisfythetechnologicalrequirementoftheareadetectionnetwork.
Thesystemdesignedinthispaperhasbeenappliedsuccessfulintoshockwavesstoredtestingandmeasurementsystem,realizedthewirelessdatacommunicationforthecontrolinstructionandthestoreddata.
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[IV]ShangXingyao.TheapplicationofRFchipnRFIX0Vintheradiothermometricsystem.MechanicalEngineering.II00V,IIII(I.0):IVII-IVV.
[V]YuBo,ZhangSong,.Shortdistanceradiocommunicationsystemdesignandrealization.ChengDuelectromechanicalacademictransaction.II00V,(III):IIVI-IIVIII.
[VI]TanLiang,HuJi.Multi-pointradiotemperatureacquisitionsystemdesignbasedonnRFIXEV.HangZhouelectronicscientificandtechnologyuniversity.transaction.II00VI,IIVI(IV):III0-IIIIII.
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