adhoc网络路由协议分析与研究
1摘 要Ad Hoc网络是一种无中心、自运行的网络，网络中的节点具有路由转发功能，多应用于军事、应急救灾和传感网络[1]。本文详细介绍了AODV路由协议，并对其进行了适当优化。首先，介绍了三种常见的路由协议DSDV、AODV、DSR，比较分析了三个协议之间的优缺点。接下来，介绍了AODV协议分组结构、路由表结构和邻居表结构。重点叙述了AODV协议包运行机制。然后，结合网络编码技术COPE提出对AODV协议的优化，优化后的协议定义为CAODV。CAODV中采用编码和解码技术，将复杂的矩阵运算改为简单的异或运算，提高了信道的利用率，改善了网络性能。最后，介绍了Ad Hoc网络仿真工具NS2。通过NS2，我们参照分组投递率、标准化路由开销和平均端到端时延三个评价指标，比较了常见的表驱动路由协议和按需路由协议，并且对优化前后的AODV协议进行了对比分析，验证了改进后的CAODV协议的可行性和有效性。
目 录
Abstract 1
Key words 2
1 绪论 2
1.1 Ad Hoc网络简介 2
1.2 Ad Hoc网络研究现状 2
1.3 Ad Hoc网络的特点 3
1.4 Ad Hoc网络的应用 3
1.5 论文的主要结构 3
1.6 本章小结 4
2 Ad Hoc网络相关技术 4
2.1 Ad Hoc网络体系结构 4
2.1.1 节点结构 4
2.1.2 网络结构 4
2.1.3 协议栈结构 4
2.2 Ad Hoc网络路由协议 5
2.2.1 表驱动路由协议 5
2.2.2 按需路由协议 5
2.2.2.1 DSR 6
2.2.2.2 AODV 6
2.2.3 混合型路由协议 6
2.2.4 典型路由协议的比较 7
2.3 本章小结 7
3 AODV路由协议 7
3.1 AODV路由协议的基本思想 7
3.2 AODV中协议帧结构 8
3 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: @351916072@
.2.1 路由请求帧RREQ 8
3.2.2 路由回复帧RREP 8
3.2.3 路由错误帧RERR 9
3.2.4 路由回复确认帧RREPACK 9
3.2.5 HELLO消息 10
3.3 AODV协议中表结构 10
3.3.1 路由表数据结构 10
3.3.2 邻居表数据结构 10
3.4 AODV协议中关键技术 10
3.4.1 路由发现过程 10
3.4.2 反向路由建立 10
3.4.3 正向路由建立 10
3.4.4 路由维护过程 11
3.4.5 本地修复机制 11
3.5 AODV协议中创新点 11
3.5.1 序列号机制 11
3.5.2 定时器管理 11
4 AODV协议的实现过程 11
4.1 NS2中AODV协议实现思路 11
4.2 数据分组处理过程 12
4.3 协议分组处理过程 13
4.3.1 处理RREQ的过程 14
4.3.2 处理RREP的过程 15
4.3.3 处理RERR的过程 16
4.3.4 处理HELLO的过程 17
4.4 本章小结 17
5 AODV协议的改进方案 17
5.1 问题提出 17
5.2 改进思路 18
5.3 改进过程 18
5.3.1 AODV代码的修改 18
5.3.1.1 编码过程 18
5.3.1.2 解码过程 19
5.3.2 NS2中相关文件的修改 19
5.3.2.1 设置混杂模式 19
5.3.2.2 添加协议和数据包 19
5.4 本章小结 19
6 NS2网络仿真及分析 19
6.1 NS2仿真平台简介 19
6.2 NS2仿真原理 20
6.3 NS2仿真步骤 21
6.3.1 Setdest生成节点运动场景 22
6.3.2 Cbrgen生成数据流 22
6.3.3 编写TCL脚本 23
6.3.4 运行仿真脚本 23
6.3.5 Awk语言分析记录文件 24
6.3.6 Gunplot绘制比较图 24
6.4 NS2仿真性能评价指标 24
6.4.1 分组投递率(Ratio) 24
6.4.2 端到端平均时延(Average End_to_end delay) 24
6.4.3 标准化路由开销(Load) 24
6.5 仿真结果分析 24
6.5.1 DSDV、DSR与AODV路由协议仿真分析比较 25
6.5.2 AODV路由协议中相关性能仿真分析比较 26
6.5.3 AODV路由协议改进前后仿真分析比较 27
6.6 本章小结 28
7 结束语 28
7.1 总结 28
7.2 展望 28
致谢 28
参考文献 29
Ad Hoc网络路由协议分析与研究
网络工程专业学生 佘 鹏
指导教师 刘金定
Analysis and Research of Ad Hoc Routing Protocol
Student majoring in network engineering SHE Peng
Tutor LIU Jinding
Abstract:Ad Hoc is a kind of selforganizing and centerless networks which nodes have the routing function. It mostly applies to military fields, emergency rescues and sensor networks. Now its research mainly focuses on routing protocols, energy saving routing strategies, quality of service,the security of routing protocols and so on. The article details AODV routing protocol, and optimized measures for AODV are brought forward to improve performance. Firstly, we introduce a tabledriven routing protocol DSDV and ondemand routing protocols AODV,DSR. We also analyze the characteristics of these routing protocols. Next, the frame structure and routing table structure are introduced in AODV routing protocol. The article highlights five key technologies of AODV: route discovery, forward routing establishment, reserve routing establishment, route maintenance and local repair mechanism. Secondly,try experimenting with combinations of COPE to optimize AODV routing protocol performance and the optimized protocol is defined as CAODV. CAODV adopts the technology of encoding and decoding which turns complicated matrix operation into simple exclusiveor operation. Compared with AODV, CAODV improves the utilization efficiency of the channel and the performance of network. Finally,the article introduces an Ad Hoc simulation tool NS2. It is a open source software. To evaluate the performance of Ad Hoc , we put forward three key performance indicators: packet delivery ratios, normalized routing load and average endtoend delay using NS2. Later,we compare three routing protocols:AODV, DSR and DSDV. We also compare AODV protocol before and after optimization to validate the feasibility and validity of CAODV.
目 录
Abstract 1
Key words 2
1 绪论 2
1.1 Ad Hoc网络简介 2
1.2 Ad Hoc网络研究现状 2
1.3 Ad Hoc网络的特点 3
1.4 Ad Hoc网络的应用 3
1.5 论文的主要结构 3
1.6 本章小结 4
2 Ad Hoc网络相关技术 4
2.1 Ad Hoc网络体系结构 4
2.1.1 节点结构 4
2.1.2 网络结构 4
2.1.3 协议栈结构 4
2.2 Ad Hoc网络路由协议 5
2.2.1 表驱动路由协议 5
2.2.2 按需路由协议 5
2.2.2.1 DSR 6
2.2.2.2 AODV 6
2.2.3 混合型路由协议 6
2.2.4 典型路由协议的比较 7
2.3 本章小结 7
3 AODV路由协议 7
3.1 AODV路由协议的基本思想 7
3.2 AODV中协议帧结构 8
3 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: @351916072@
.2.1 路由请求帧RREQ 8
3.2.2 路由回复帧RREP 8
3.2.3 路由错误帧RERR 9
3.2.4 路由回复确认帧RREPACK 9
3.2.5 HELLO消息 10
3.3 AODV协议中表结构 10
3.3.1 路由表数据结构 10
3.3.2 邻居表数据结构 10
3.4 AODV协议中关键技术 10
3.4.1 路由发现过程 10
3.4.2 反向路由建立 10
3.4.3 正向路由建立 10
3.4.4 路由维护过程 11
3.4.5 本地修复机制 11
3.5 AODV协议中创新点 11
3.5.1 序列号机制 11
3.5.2 定时器管理 11
4 AODV协议的实现过程 11
4.1 NS2中AODV协议实现思路 11
4.2 数据分组处理过程 12
4.3 协议分组处理过程 13
4.3.1 处理RREQ的过程 14
4.3.2 处理RREP的过程 15
4.3.3 处理RERR的过程 16
4.3.4 处理HELLO的过程 17
4.4 本章小结 17
5 AODV协议的改进方案 17
5.1 问题提出 17
5.2 改进思路 18
5.3 改进过程 18
5.3.1 AODV代码的修改 18
5.3.1.1 编码过程 18
5.3.1.2 解码过程 19
5.3.2 NS2中相关文件的修改 19
5.3.2.1 设置混杂模式 19
5.3.2.2 添加协议和数据包 19
5.4 本章小结 19
6 NS2网络仿真及分析 19
6.1 NS2仿真平台简介 19
6.2 NS2仿真原理 20
6.3 NS2仿真步骤 21
6.3.1 Setdest生成节点运动场景 22
6.3.2 Cbrgen生成数据流 22
6.3.3 编写TCL脚本 23
6.3.4 运行仿真脚本 23
6.3.5 Awk语言分析记录文件 24
6.3.6 Gunplot绘制比较图 24
6.4 NS2仿真性能评价指标 24
6.4.1 分组投递率(Ratio) 24
6.4.2 端到端平均时延(Average End_to_end delay) 24
6.4.3 标准化路由开销(Load) 24
6.5 仿真结果分析 24
6.5.1 DSDV、DSR与AODV路由协议仿真分析比较 25
6.5.2 AODV路由协议中相关性能仿真分析比较 26
6.5.3 AODV路由协议改进前后仿真分析比较 27
6.6 本章小结 28
7 结束语 28
7.1 总结 28
7.2 展望 28
致谢 28
参考文献 29
Ad Hoc网络路由协议分析与研究
网络工程专业学生 佘 鹏
指导教师 刘金定
Analysis and Research of Ad Hoc Routing Protocol
Student majoring in network engineering SHE Peng
Tutor LIU Jinding
Abstract:Ad Hoc is a kind of selforganizing and centerless networks which nodes have the routing function. It mostly applies to military fields, emergency rescues and sensor networks. Now its research mainly focuses on routing protocols, energy saving routing strategies, quality of service,the security of routing protocols and so on. The article details AODV routing protocol, and optimized measures for AODV are brought forward to improve performance. Firstly, we introduce a tabledriven routing protocol DSDV and ondemand routing protocols AODV,DSR. We also analyze the characteristics of these routing protocols. Next, the frame structure and routing table structure are introduced in AODV routing protocol. The article highlights five key technologies of AODV: route discovery, forward routing establishment, reserve routing establishment, route maintenance and local repair mechanism. Secondly,try experimenting with combinations of COPE to optimize AODV routing protocol performance and the optimized protocol is defined as CAODV. CAODV adopts the technology of encoding and decoding which turns complicated matrix operation into simple exclusiveor operation. Compared with AODV, CAODV improves the utilization efficiency of the channel and the performance of network. Finally,the article introduces an Ad Hoc simulation tool NS2. It is a open source software. To evaluate the performance of Ad Hoc , we put forward three key performance indicators: packet delivery ratios, normalized routing load and average endtoend delay using NS2. Later,we compare three routing protocols:AODV, DSR and DSDV. We also compare AODV protocol before and after optimization to validate the feasibility and validity of CAODV.
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