PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线的石油和天然气长輸管道监控系统
PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线的石油和天然气长输管道监控系统
第I.节
引言
作为运输的重要和经济模式,管道被广泛用于世界各地的国家的石油和天然气工业.在,管道有着相当晚的外观和有低自动化水平,已经由单纯的手动管理工作很长I.段时间.现场总线技术的发展对自动控制技术有很大的影响.PROFIBUS现场总线是专为自动控制系统和设备级分布I/O口之间的通信.它具有以下的特点:支持多主站,出色的实时性,高可靠性,高传输速率,传输距离远.
本文讨论了石油和天然气长输管线PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线监控系统.系统设计,控制组态软件的开发和监控软件:同时,具体的实现是从III个方面进行讨论.
第II节
PROFIBUS技术特点
现场总线有很多种类,并没有I.个统I.的标准.每I.种总线都有其独特的背景和应用领域.PROFIBUS是使用至今最广泛的和发达的现场总线.它是在IX0年代初在德国民族制造工业作出了现场总线标准.
PROFIBUS包括PROFIBUS-DP,PROFIBUS-LII和PROFIBUS-PA.PROFIBUS-DP可以实现分布式的外围设备之间的高速数据通信.PROFIBUS-LII(FMS)是用来完成车间层I.般通信任务.PROFIBUS-PA是专为过程自动化设计,它可以使传感器和执行器访问I.个总线.传感器和执行者应该是智能的元素.
PROFIBUS具有以下特点:
I..打开:PROFIBUS允许其他厂家的控制技术集成到通用系统.通过各种工厂生产的产品可使用GSD或由供应商提供的EDD文件进行互连.
II.高速:PROFIBUS传输速率可以达到I.IIMbps的,这是最高的现场总线.
III.分布式控制:控制功能被分离到现场设备.在字段控制环路中,发送器不仅具有信号 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
传输功能,还具有PID调节和操作功能.
IV.高可靠性和低成本:I.对传输线可以连接更多的设备和双向传输多个信号.这种结构可以节省大量的电缆,降低了施工难度和数量.
第III节
系统设计
A.总体系统设计
该监测系统用于石油和天然气长距离管道可以被划分为两个层次.它采用集中监控模式,分布式控制.第I.级(上位监控系统)是工程师站和操作员站.他们负责生产调度,监控管道泵和阀的状态,以及介质的温度,流量和压力.第II个层次(底层控制系统)集成了现场I/O控制主站和多个远程分布式I/O站.他们负责现场数据采集,转换工程变量,控制泵的启停,阀门开启和关闭.此外,他们做的实时诊断为管道运行状态,并通过网络系统工程师站和操作员站传输数据和结果.监测系统的总体结构如图I.所示.
监控系统的图I..整体结构.
B.系统组成及配置
上位监控系统由I.台工程师站和III个操作员站组成.工程师站需要连接PLC的MPI多点接口CPVVII.I.网卡,并安装STEPVII软件使得工程师站具备PG功能.工程师站负责硬软件配置,测试,维护和运行诊断.操作员站的监控站,安装的WinCC监控软件,负责通信配置,报表生成和打印,显示工艺参数等的监控计算机通过PLC的监控相应的设备,并实现启动/停止控制,联锁和保护设备.上位监控网是采用高速通信和稳定的MPI通信模式的实时通信网络,并连接工程师站/操作员站和现场控制站.
底部的控制系统由现场总线技术的主控控制器和分布式I/O模块.每个I/O模块具有独立的现场总线通信节点.主控制器适应西门子SVII-IV00系列CPUIVI.IV-IIDP,其中连接IV个通讯模块CPIVIVIII-V.每个通讯模块连接多个智能设备和仪器.分布式I/O模块选择西门子ETII00M,并连接仪器无需DP通讯接口,如:温度变送器,压力变送器,流量计,可燃气体探测器和火焰探测器.它用于处理和安全监控.
底部的控制网络是内部网络的现场控制站,实现了每个I/O模块和控制柜主控制器之间的互连和通信.现场主控制器适应PROFIBUS-DP现场总线来连接每个I/O模块,这使得确定的场通信的实时性,快速高效地实现.
第IV节
控制组态软件的发展
系统控制组态软件是西门子STEPVII.梯形图和STEPVII的语句列表是常见的PLC编程语言.所有的配置数据下载通过组态软件的PLC.STEPVII设置了PLC的全部通过软件工具与标准的用户界面模块的参数.CPU继续监视系统,以测试该功能是否正常,虚假记载和模板的变化通过使用智能诊断系统[II].
在网络连接之后,STEPVII配置整个网络.该配置包括两部分:从站和网络设置的硬件配置.为了满足上位监控软件WinCC和报表生成的设计要求,相关的动态数据块的设计.
它们是为报表系统不仅提供相应的变量和状态为上监测和控制,而且提供相关的原始数据.在从属站的配置,它采用ETII00MIM-I.VIII,输入/输出模块进行模拟数据和数字数据,以连接所述现场设备与温度,压力和流量参数可以被收集.当网络被设置,有必要设置通信模块CPIVIVIII-V作为主通信站,并设置其PROFIBUS地址,通信速率和MPI地址[III].配置和准确的编译后,数据被下载到PLC控制器,那么整个系统的监控的硬件配置的设计和开发完成,它 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
是表现为图II.
图II的硬件配置.
第V节
监控软件开发
上位监控软件由HMI系统和监控管理系统,它是由WinCC组态软件开发的.WinCC可提供的功能,例如:在工业图形显示器,报警消息,工艺参数存档和可靠的数据管理[IV].在WinCC监控软件集成使用STEPVII和监控画面与PLC变量连接,使操作者可以切换不同的监控画面.
图表可以在WinCC进行生成,可实现录音,显示和提供系统动态过程的监控画面,设置的I/O设备的参数,生成C项目的功能和连接到PLC中的变量生成报告需要进行监测.主监控画面如图III所示.
图III主监控画面.
通过上位监控系统的人机界面,我们可以监视和控制远端管道紧急切断阀和发送压力和流量设定值,以各站.如果管道泄漏或其他不正常的事情发生了,我们就可以找到它们的监控画面,系统会自动报警,存档,打印记录和联锁.
第VI节
结论
按照多参数,不同的地点,高实时性和石油和天然气长输管道抗干扰能力强,是I.种监控系统PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线的设计的本文中的实际需求.该监控系统实现集中监控和分布式控制,大大节约了管道的维修费用,提高了生产效率和经济效益,并在中石油西部管道已被应用,并有良好的效果.
I..由中国人民邮电出版社,II00VI年出版I..李政军,现场总线和工业以太网和应用系统设计".
II.廖常初,编程和PLC中的应用",由中国机械工业出版社,II00IV年出版.
III.李卓,北中国电力大学,中国II00VI的设备配置Profibus-DP现场总线技术,研究".
IV.杨撸瞑和雷压俊的配置软件WinCC在自动监控系统中的应用,"计算技术与自动化,中国,第I.卷.I.II,pp.III.-IIIV,II00III.
附件II:外文原文
MonitoringSystemforOilandGasLong-distancePipelineBasedonPLCandPROFIBUSFieldBus
SECTIONI
INTRODUCTION
Asanimportantandeconomicalmodeoftransportation,pipelineiswidelyusedinthepetroleumandnaturalgasindustryofcountriesallovertheworld.Inourcountry,pipelinemadeafairlylateappearanceandhadalowautomationlevel,whichhasbeenmanagedbymeremanualworkforalongtime.Thedevelopmentoffieldbustechnologyhasmadeagreatimpactonautomaticcontroltechnique.PROFIBUSfieldbusisspeciallydesignedforthecommunicationbetweenautomaticcontrolsystemanddevice-leveldistributedI/O.Ithasthecharacteristicsofthefollowing:supportingmulti-masterstation,excellentrealtime,highreliability,hightransmissionrateandlongtransmissiondistance[].
ThisarticlediscussesamonitoringsystembasedonPLCandPROFIBUSfieldbusforoilandgaslong-distancepipeline.Meanwhile,thespecificimplementationswerediscussedfromthreeaspects:systemdesign,developmentofcontrolconfigurationsoftwareandmonitoringsoftware.
SECTIONII
TECHNICALFEATURESOFPROFIBUS
Fieldbushasagreatvarietyandnoaunifiedstandard.Everykindofbushasuniquebackgroundandapplicationfields.PROFIBUSisoneofthemostwidelyusedandwell-developedfieldbusestillnow.ItwasnationalindustryfieldbusstandardmadeinGermanyintheearlyIX0s.
PROFIBUSincludesPROFIBUS-DP,PROFIBUS-LII,andPROFIBUS-PA.PROFIBUS-DPcanrealizehighspeeddatacommunicationamongthedistributedperipherals.PROFIBUS-LII(FMS)isusedtocompletetheworkshoplayergeneralcommunicationtask.PROFIBUS-PAisexclusivelydesignedforprocessautomation,whichcanmaketransducerandexecutoraccessonebus.Transducerandexecutorshouldbeintelligentelements.
PROFIBUShasthefollowingcharacters:
I..Open:PROFIBUSallowsothermanufacturerstointegratetheircontroltechniqueintogeneralsystem.ProductsmanufacturedbyvarietyfactoriescanbeinterconnectedusingGSDorEDDfileprovidedbythesupplier.
II.HighSpeed:PROFIBUStransmissionratecanreachI.IIMbps,whichisthehighestspeedfieldbus.
III.DistributedControl:Controlfunctionisseparatedtothefieldequipments.Infieldcontrolloop,transmitternotonlyhasthesignaltransmissionfunction,buthasthePIDadjustmentandoperationfunction.
IV.HighReliabilityandLowCost:Apairoftransmissionlinescanconnectmoreequipmentandtransmitseveralsignalsbidirectionally.Thisstructuresavesalotofcablesandreducestheconstructiondifficultyandquantity.
SECTIONIII
SYSTEMDESIGN
A.OverallSystemDesign
Themonitoringsystemforoilandgaslong-distancepipelinecanbedividedfortwolevels.Itadoptsthemodesofcentralizedmonitoring,distributedcontrol.Thefirstlevel(uppermonitoringsystem)isengineerstationandoperatorstation.Theyareresponsibleforproductionscheduling,monitoringthestateofpipelinepumpandvalve,andthemediumstemperature,flowandpressure.Thesecondlevel(bottomcontrolsystem)incorporatesthefieldI/OcontrolmasterstationandseveralremotedistributedI/Ostation.Theyareresponsibleforfielddataacquisition,transformingengineeringvariables,controllingpumpstartandstop,valveonandoff.Furthermore,theydotherealtimediagnosisforpipelineoperatingstate,andtransmitthedataandresulttoengineerstationandoperatorstationthroughthesystemnet.TheoverallstructureofmonitoringsystemisshownasFig.I..
FigureI..Overallstructureofmonitoringsystem.
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B.SystemCompositionandConfiguration
TheuppermonitoringsystemismadeupofI.engineerstationandIIIoperatorstations.TheengineerstationtakesCPVVII.I.networkcardwhichconnectthePLCMPImulti-pointinterface,andtheinstalledSTEPVIIsoftwaremakestheengineerstationpossessthePGfunction.Engineerstationisresponsibleforthehardwareconfiguration,testing,maintenanceandoperationdiagnostics.Operatorstationisthemonitoringstation,whichinstallsWinCCmonitoringsoftware,isresponsibleforthecommunicationconfiguration,reportgeneratingandprinting,displayingtheprocessparameters,etc.ThemonitoringcomputermonitorsthecorrespondingequipmentsthroughPLC,andachievesthestart/stopcontrol,interlockandprotectionofequipments.TheuppermonitoringnetistherealtimecommunicationnetworkwhichadoptshighspeedcommunicationandstabilizationMPIcommunicationmode,andconnectsengineerstation/operatorstationandfieldcontrolstation.
ThebottomcontrolsystemismadeupofthemastercontrollerbasedonthefieldbustechnologyanddistributedI/Omodules.EveryI/Omodulehasseparatefieldbuscommunicationnode.MastercontrolleradaptstheSiemensSVII–IV00seriesCPUIVI.IV–IIDP,whichconnectedIVcommunicationmodulesCPIVIVIII–V.Eachcommunicationmoduleconnectsseveralintelligentdeviceandinstruments.DistributedI/OmoduleschoosetheSiemensETII00M,andconnecttheinstrumentswithoutDPcommunicationinterface,suchas:temperaturetransmitter,pressuretransmitter,flowmeter,combustiblegasdetectorandflamedetector.Itusedfortheprocessandsecuritymonitoring.
Thebottomcontrolnetworkistheinternalnetworkforfieldcontrolstation,whichrealizestheinterconnectionandcommunicationbetweeneveryI/Omoduleandmastercontrollerincontrolcabinet.ThefieldmatercontrolleradaptsthePROFIBUS-DPfieldbustoconnecteveryI/Omodule,whichmakessureofthefieldcommunicationreal-time,quicklyandefficientlyachieved.
SECTIONIV
DEVELOPMENTOFCONTROLCONFIGURATIONSOFTWARE
ThesystemcontrolconfigurationsoftwareisSiemensSTEPVII.TheladderdiagramandstatementlistofSTEPVIIisthecommonPLCprogramminglanguage.AlltheconfigurationdataaredownloadthroughtheconfigurationsoftwaretoPLC.STEPVIIsetsparametersforallthemodulesofPLCthroughthesoftwaretoolswithstandarduserinterface.CPUcontinuesmonitoringthesystemtotestwhetherthefunctionisnormal,falserecordandtemplatechangebyusingtheintelligentdiagnosissystem[].
Afterthenetworkbeingconnected,theSTEPVIIconfigurestheentirenetwork.Theconfigurationincludestwoparts:hardwareconfigurationofslavestationandnetworksettings.InordertomeetthedesignrequirementsforuppermonitoringsoftwareWinCCandreportgeneration,therelateddynamicdatablocksaredesigned.
Theyareprovidingnotonlythecorrespondingvariablesandstatesfortheuppermonitoringandcontrol,butalsotherelatedoriginaldataforthereportsystem.Intheslavestationconfiguration,itadoptstheETII00MIM-I.VIII,thein/outmodulecarryinganalogdataanddigitaldata,toconnectthefielddeviceandthetemperature,pressureandflowparametercanbecollected.Whilethenetworkisbeingset,itisnecessarytosetthecommunicationmoduleCPIVIVIII–Vasamastercommunicationstation,andsetitsPROFIBUSaddress,communicationrateandMPIaddress[].Afterconfigurationandaccuratecompiling,thedataisdownloadedtothePLCcontroller,thenthedesignanddevelopmentoftheentiresystemmonitoringhardwareconfigurationiscompleted,whichisshowedasFig.II.
FigureII.Thehardwareconfiguration.
SECTIONV
DEVELOPMENTOFMONITORINGSOFTWARE
TheuppermonitoringsoftwareismadeupofHMIsystemandmonitoringmanagementsystem,whicharedevelopedbytheWinCCconfigurationsoftware.WinCCcanprovidethefunctionssuchas:theindustrialgraphicsdisplay,messagealarm,processparametersarchivingandreliabledatamanagement[].TheWinCCmonitoringsoftwareintegrateswithSTEPVII,andthemonitoringpictureconnectswithPLCvariables,sotheoperatorcanswitchdifferentmonitoringpictures.
GraphconfigurationcanbedoneinWinCCwhichcanrealizetherecording,displayingandgeneratingthereportbyprovidingthemonitoringpicturesofthesystemdynamicprocess,settingtheI/Oequipmentparameters,generatingCprojectfunctionandconnectingtothevariablesinPLCneedtobemonitored.ThemainmonitoringpictureasFig.IIIshows.
FigureIII.Mainmonitoringpicture.
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Throughtheman-machineinterfaceofuppermonitoringsystem,wecanmonitorandcontroltheremotepipelineemergencycut-offvalveandsendthepressureandflowsetvaluetoeachstation.Ifthepipelineleakedorsomeotherabnormalthingsoccurred,wecanlocatethemonthemonitoringscreenandthesystemwillautomaticallyalarm,archive,printrecordsandinterlock.
SECTIONVI
CONCLUSION
Inaccordancewiththeactualdemandsofmulti-parameters,separatelocations,highreal-timeandhighanti-interferenceabilityforoilandgaslongdistancepipeline,akindofmonitoringsystembasedonPLCandPROFIBUSfieldbuswasdesignedinthisarticle.Thismonitoringsystemachievedcentralizedmonitoringanddistributedcontrol,greatlysavedthepipelinemaintenancecostsandimprovedtheproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefits,andhasbeenappliedinCNPCWestPipelineandhadgoodresults.
I..LiZhengjun,"DesignofFieldBusandIndustrialEthernetandApplicationSystem,"publishedbyChinaPosts&TelecomPress,II00VI.
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Ithasthecharacteristicsofthefollowing:supportingmulti-masterstation,excellentrealtime,highreliability,hightransmissionrateandlongtransmissiondistance[I.].
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II.LiaoChangchu,"ProgrammingandApplicationofPLC,"publishedbyChinaMachinePress,II00IV.
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CPUcontinuesmonitoringthesystemtotestwhetherthefunctionisnormal,falserecordandtemplatechangebyusingtheintelligentdiagnosissystem[II].
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III.LiZhuo,"ResearchofequipmentconfigurationbasedonProfibus-DPfieldbustechnology,"NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity,ChinaII00VI.
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Whilethenetworkisbeingset,itisnecessarytosetthecommunicationmoduleCPIVIVIII–Vasamastercommunicationstation,andsetitsPROFIBUSaddress,communicationrateandMPIaddress[III].
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IV.YangLumingandLeiYajun,"ApplicationofconfigurationsoftwareWinCCinautomaticmonitoringsystem,"ComputingTechnologyandAutomation,China,vol.I.II,pp.III.-IIIV,II00III.
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第I.节
引言
作为运输的重要和经济模式,管道被广泛用于世界各地的国家的石油和天然气工业.在,管道有着相当晚的外观和有低自动化水平,已经由单纯的手动管理工作很长I.段时间.现场总线技术的发展对自动控制技术有很大的影响.PROFIBUS现场总线是专为自动控制系统和设备级分布I/O口之间的通信.它具有以下的特点:支持多主站,出色的实时性,高可靠性,高传输速率,传输距离远.
本文讨论了石油和天然气长输管线PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线监控系统.系统设计,控制组态软件的开发和监控软件:同时,具体的实现是从III个方面进行讨论.
第II节
PROFIBUS技术特点
现场总线有很多种类,并没有I.个统I.的标准.每I.种总线都有其独特的背景和应用领域.PROFIBUS是使用至今最广泛的和发达的现场总线.它是在IX0年代初在德国民族制造工业作出了现场总线标准.
PROFIBUS包括PROFIBUS-DP,PROFIBUS-LII和PROFIBUS-PA.PROFIBUS-DP可以实现分布式的外围设备之间的高速数据通信.PROFIBUS-LII(FMS)是用来完成车间层I.般通信任务.PROFIBUS-PA是专为过程自动化设计,它可以使传感器和执行器访问I.个总线.传感器和执行者应该是智能的元素.
PROFIBUS具有以下特点:
I..打开:PROFIBUS允许其他厂家的控制技术集成到通用系统.通过各种工厂生产的产品可使用GSD或由供应商提供的EDD文件进行互连.
II.高速:PROFIBUS传输速率可以达到I.IIMbps的,这是最高的现场总线.
III.分布式控制:控制功能被分离到现场设备.在字段控制环路中,发送器不仅具有信号 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
传输功能,还具有PID调节和操作功能.
IV.高可靠性和低成本:I.对传输线可以连接更多的设备和双向传输多个信号.这种结构可以节省大量的电缆,降低了施工难度和数量.
第III节
系统设计
A.总体系统设计
该监测系统用于石油和天然气长距离管道可以被划分为两个层次.它采用集中监控模式,分布式控制.第I.级(上位监控系统)是工程师站和操作员站.他们负责生产调度,监控管道泵和阀的状态,以及介质的温度,流量和压力.第II个层次(底层控制系统)集成了现场I/O控制主站和多个远程分布式I/O站.他们负责现场数据采集,转换工程变量,控制泵的启停,阀门开启和关闭.此外,他们做的实时诊断为管道运行状态,并通过网络系统工程师站和操作员站传输数据和结果.监测系统的总体结构如图I.所示.
监控系统的图I..整体结构.
B.系统组成及配置
上位监控系统由I.台工程师站和III个操作员站组成.工程师站需要连接PLC的MPI多点接口CPVVII.I.网卡,并安装STEPVII软件使得工程师站具备PG功能.工程师站负责硬软件配置,测试,维护和运行诊断.操作员站的监控站,安装的WinCC监控软件,负责通信配置,报表生成和打印,显示工艺参数等的监控计算机通过PLC的监控相应的设备,并实现启动/停止控制,联锁和保护设备.上位监控网是采用高速通信和稳定的MPI通信模式的实时通信网络,并连接工程师站/操作员站和现场控制站.
底部的控制系统由现场总线技术的主控控制器和分布式I/O模块.每个I/O模块具有独立的现场总线通信节点.主控制器适应西门子SVII-IV00系列CPUIVI.IV-IIDP,其中连接IV个通讯模块CPIVIVIII-V.每个通讯模块连接多个智能设备和仪器.分布式I/O模块选择西门子ETII00M,并连接仪器无需DP通讯接口,如:温度变送器,压力变送器,流量计,可燃气体探测器和火焰探测器.它用于处理和安全监控.
底部的控制网络是内部网络的现场控制站,实现了每个I/O模块和控制柜主控制器之间的互连和通信.现场主控制器适应PROFIBUS-DP现场总线来连接每个I/O模块,这使得确定的场通信的实时性,快速高效地实现.
第IV节
控制组态软件的发展
系统控制组态软件是西门子STEPVII.梯形图和STEPVII的语句列表是常见的PLC编程语言.所有的配置数据下载通过组态软件的PLC.STEPVII设置了PLC的全部通过软件工具与标准的用户界面模块的参数.CPU继续监视系统,以测试该功能是否正常,虚假记载和模板的变化通过使用智能诊断系统[II].
在网络连接之后,STEPVII配置整个网络.该配置包括两部分:从站和网络设置的硬件配置.为了满足上位监控软件WinCC和报表生成的设计要求,相关的动态数据块的设计.
它们是为报表系统不仅提供相应的变量和状态为上监测和控制,而且提供相关的原始数据.在从属站的配置,它采用ETII00MIM-I.VIII,输入/输出模块进行模拟数据和数字数据,以连接所述现场设备与温度,压力和流量参数可以被收集.当网络被设置,有必要设置通信模块CPIVIVIII-V作为主通信站,并设置其PROFIBUS地址,通信速率和MPI地址[III].配置和准确的编译后,数据被下载到PLC控制器,那么整个系统的监控的硬件配置的设计和开发完成,它 *好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ^3^5^1^9^1^6^0^7^2^*
是表现为图II.
图II的硬件配置.
第V节
监控软件开发
上位监控软件由HMI系统和监控管理系统,它是由WinCC组态软件开发的.WinCC可提供的功能,例如:在工业图形显示器,报警消息,工艺参数存档和可靠的数据管理[IV].在WinCC监控软件集成使用STEPVII和监控画面与PLC变量连接,使操作者可以切换不同的监控画面.
图表可以在WinCC进行生成,可实现录音,显示和提供系统动态过程的监控画面,设置的I/O设备的参数,生成C项目的功能和连接到PLC中的变量生成报告需要进行监测.主监控画面如图III所示.
图III主监控画面.
通过上位监控系统的人机界面,我们可以监视和控制远端管道紧急切断阀和发送压力和流量设定值,以各站.如果管道泄漏或其他不正常的事情发生了,我们就可以找到它们的监控画面,系统会自动报警,存档,打印记录和联锁.
第VI节
结论
按照多参数,不同的地点,高实时性和石油和天然气长输管道抗干扰能力强,是I.种监控系统PLC和PROFIBUS现场总线的设计的本文中的实际需求.该监控系统实现集中监控和分布式控制,大大节约了管道的维修费用,提高了生产效率和经济效益,并在中石油西部管道已被应用,并有良好的效果.
I..由中国人民邮电出版社,II00VI年出版I..李政军,现场总线和工业以太网和应用系统设计".
II.廖常初,编程和PLC中的应用",由中国机械工业出版社,II00IV年出版.
III.李卓,北中国电力大学,中国II00VI的设备配置Profibus-DP现场总线技术,研究".
IV.杨撸瞑和雷压俊的配置软件WinCC在自动监控系统中的应用,"计算技术与自动化,中国,第I.卷.I.II,pp.III.-IIIV,II00III.
附件II:外文原文
MonitoringSystemforOilandGasLong-distancePipelineBasedonPLCandPROFIBUSFieldBus
SECTIONI
INTRODUCTION
Asanimportantandeconomicalmodeoftransportation,pipelineiswidelyusedinthepetroleumandnaturalgasindustryofcountriesallovertheworld.Inourcountry,pipelinemadeafairlylateappearanceandhadalowautomationlevel,whichhasbeenmanagedbymeremanualworkforalongtime.Thedevelopmentoffieldbustechnologyhasmadeagreatimpactonautomaticcontroltechnique.PROFIBUSfieldbusisspeciallydesignedforthecommunicationbetweenautomaticcontrolsystemanddevice-leveldistributedI/O.Ithasthecharacteristicsofthefollowing:supportingmulti-masterstation,excellentrealtime,highreliability,hightransmissionrateandlongtransmissiondistance[
ThisarticlediscussesamonitoringsystembasedonPLCandPROFIBUSfieldbusforoilandgaslong-distancepipeline.Meanwhile,thespecificimplementationswerediscussedfromthreeaspects:systemdesign,developmentofcontrolconfigurationsoftwareandmonitoringsoftware.
SECTIONII
TECHNICALFEATURESOFPROFIBUS
Fieldbushasagreatvarietyandnoaunifiedstandard.Everykindofbushasuniquebackgroundandapplicationfields.PROFIBUSisoneofthemostwidelyusedandwell-developedfieldbusestillnow.ItwasnationalindustryfieldbusstandardmadeinGermanyintheearlyIX0s.
PROFIBUSincludesPROFIBUS-DP,PROFIBUS-LII,andPROFIBUS-PA.PROFIBUS-DPcanrealizehighspeeddatacommunicationamongthedistributedperipherals.PROFIBUS-LII(FMS)isusedtocompletetheworkshoplayergeneralcommunicationtask.PROFIBUS-PAisexclusivelydesignedforprocessautomation,whichcanmaketransducerandexecutoraccessonebus.Transducerandexecutorshouldbeintelligentelements.
PROFIBUShasthefollowingcharacters:
I..Open:PROFIBUSallowsothermanufacturerstointegratetheircontroltechniqueintogeneralsystem.ProductsmanufacturedbyvarietyfactoriescanbeinterconnectedusingGSDorEDDfileprovidedbythesupplier.
II.HighSpeed:PROFIBUStransmissionratecanreachI.IIMbps,whichisthehighestspeedfieldbus.
III.DistributedControl:Controlfunctionisseparatedtothefieldequipments.Infieldcontrolloop,transmitternotonlyhasthesignaltransmissionfunction,buthasthePIDadjustmentandoperationfunction.
IV.HighReliabilityandLowCost:Apairoftransmissionlinescanconnectmoreequipmentandtransmitseveralsignalsbidirectionally.Thisstructuresavesalotofcablesandreducestheconstructiondifficultyandquantity.
SECTIONIII
SYSTEMDESIGN
A.OverallSystemDesign
Themonitoringsystemforoilandgaslong-distancepipelinecanbedividedfortwolevels.Itadoptsthemodesofcentralizedmonitoring,distributedcontrol.Thefirstlevel(uppermonitoringsystem)isengineerstationandoperatorstation.Theyareresponsibleforproductionscheduling,monitoringthestateofpipelinepumpandvalve,andthemediumstemperature,flowandpressure.Thesecondlevel(bottomcontrolsystem)incorporatesthefieldI/OcontrolmasterstationandseveralremotedistributedI/Ostation.Theyareresponsibleforfielddataacquisition,transformingengineeringvariables,controllingpumpstartandstop,valveonandoff.Furthermore,theydotherealtimediagnosisforpipelineoperatingstate,andtransmitthedataandresulttoengineerstationandoperatorstationthroughthesystemnet.TheoverallstructureofmonitoringsystemisshownasFig.I.
FigureI..Overallstructureofmonitoringsystem.
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B.SystemCompositionandConfiguration
TheuppermonitoringsystemismadeupofI.engineerstationandIIIoperatorstations.TheengineerstationtakesCPVVII.I.networkcardwhichconnectthePLCMPImulti-pointinterface,andtheinstalledSTEPVIIsoftwaremakestheengineerstationpossessthePGfunction.Engineerstationisresponsibleforthehardwareconfiguration,testing,maintenanceandoperationdiagnostics.Operatorstationisthemonitoringstation,whichinstallsWinCCmonitoringsoftware,isresponsibleforthecommunicationconfiguration,reportgeneratingandprinting,displayingtheprocessparameters,etc.ThemonitoringcomputermonitorsthecorrespondingequipmentsthroughPLC,andachievesthestart/stopcontrol,interlockandprotectionofequipments.TheuppermonitoringnetistherealtimecommunicationnetworkwhichadoptshighspeedcommunicationandstabilizationMPIcommunicationmode,andconnectsengineerstation/operatorstationandfieldcontrolstation.
ThebottomcontrolsystemismadeupofthemastercontrollerbasedonthefieldbustechnologyanddistributedI/Omodules.EveryI/Omodulehasseparatefieldbuscommunicationnode.MastercontrolleradaptstheSiemensSVII–IV00seriesCPUIVI.IV–IIDP,whichconnectedIVcommunicationmodulesCPIVIVIII–V.Eachcommunicationmoduleconnectsseveralintelligentdeviceandinstruments.DistributedI/OmoduleschoosetheSiemensETII00M,andconnecttheinstrumentswithoutDPcommunicationinterface,suchas:temperaturetransmitter,pressuretransmitter,flowmeter,combustiblegasdetectorandflamedetector.Itusedfortheprocessandsecuritymonitoring.
Thebottomcontrolnetworkistheinternalnetworkforfieldcontrolstation,whichrealizestheinterconnectionandcommunicationbetweeneveryI/Omoduleandmastercontrollerincontrolcabinet.ThefieldmatercontrolleradaptsthePROFIBUS-DPfieldbustoconnecteveryI/Omodule,whichmakessureofthefieldcommunicationreal-time,quicklyandefficientlyachieved.
SECTIONIV
DEVELOPMENTOFCONTROLCONFIGURATIONSOFTWARE
ThesystemcontrolconfigurationsoftwareisSiemensSTEPVII.TheladderdiagramandstatementlistofSTEPVIIisthecommonPLCprogramminglanguage.AlltheconfigurationdataaredownloadthroughtheconfigurationsoftwaretoPLC.STEPVIIsetsparametersforallthemodulesofPLCthroughthesoftwaretoolswithstandarduserinterface.CPUcontinuesmonitoringthesystemtotestwhetherthefunctionisnormal,falserecordandtemplatechangebyusingtheintelligentdiagnosissystem[
Afterthenetworkbeingconnected,theSTEPVIIconfigurestheentirenetwork.Theconfigurationincludestwoparts:hardwareconfigurationofslavestationandnetworksettings.InordertomeetthedesignrequirementsforuppermonitoringsoftwareWinCCandreportgeneration,therelateddynamicdatablocksaredesigned.
Theyareprovidingnotonlythecorrespondingvariablesandstatesfortheuppermonitoringandcontrol,butalsotherelatedoriginaldataforthereportsystem.Intheslavestationconfiguration,itadoptstheETII00MIM-I.VIII,thein/outmodulecarryinganalogdataanddigitaldata,toconnectthefielddeviceandthetemperature,pressureandflowparametercanbecollected.Whilethenetworkisbeingset,itisnecessarytosetthecommunicationmoduleCPIVIVIII–Vasamastercommunicationstation,andsetitsPROFIBUSaddress,communicationrateandMPIaddress[
FigureII.Thehardwareconfiguration.
SECTIONV
DEVELOPMENTOFMONITORINGSOFTWARE
TheuppermonitoringsoftwareismadeupofHMIsystemandmonitoringmanagementsystem,whicharedevelopedbytheWinCCconfigurationsoftware.WinCCcanprovidethefunctionssuchas:theindustrialgraphicsdisplay,messagealarm,processparametersarchivingandreliabledatamanagement[
GraphconfigurationcanbedoneinWinCCwhichcanrealizetherecording,displayingandgeneratingthereportbyprovidingthemonitoringpicturesofthesystemdynamicprocess,settingtheI/Oequipmentparameters,generatingCprojectfunctionandconnectingtothevariablesinPLCneedtobemonitored.ThemainmonitoringpictureasFig.III
FigureIII.Mainmonitoringpicture.
Previous
Throughtheman-machineinterfaceofuppermonitoringsystem,wecanmonitorandcontroltheremotepipelineemergencycut-offvalveandsendthepressureandflowsetvaluetoeachstation.Ifthepipelineleakedorsomeotherabnormalthingsoccurred,wecanlocatethemonthemonitoringscreenandthesystemwillautomaticallyalarm,archive,printrecordsandinterlock.
SECTIONVI
CONCLUSION
Inaccordancewiththeactualdemandsofmulti-parameters,separatelocations,highreal-timeandhighanti-interferenceabilityforoilandgaslongdistancepipeline,akindofmonitoringsystembasedonPLCandPROFIBUSfieldbuswasdesignedinthisarticle.Thismonitoringsystemachievedcentralizedmonitoringanddistributedcontrol,greatlysavedthepipelinemaintenancecostsandimprovedtheproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefits,andhasbeenappliedinCNPCWestPipelineandhadgoodresults.
I..LiZhengjun,"DesignofFieldBusandIndustrialEthernetandApplicationSystem,"publishedbyChinaPosts&TelecomPress,II00VI.
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Ithasthecharacteristicsofthefollowing:supportingmulti-masterstation,excellentrealtime,highreliability,hightransmissionrateandlongtransmissiondistance[I.].
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II.LiaoChangchu,"ProgrammingandApplicationofPLC,"publishedbyChinaMachinePress,II00IV.
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CPUcontinuesmonitoringthesystemtotestwhetherthefunctionisnormal,falserecordandtemplatechangebyusingtheintelligentdiagnosissystem[II].
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III.LiZhuo,"ResearchofequipmentconfigurationbasedonProfibus-DPfieldbustechnology,"NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity,ChinaII00VI.
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Whilethenetworkisbeingset,itisnecessarytosetthecommunicationmoduleCPIVIVIII–Vasamastercommunicationstation,andsetitsPROFIBUSaddress,communicationrateandMPIaddress[III].
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IV.YangLumingandLeiYajun,"ApplicationofconfigurationsoftwareWinCCinautomaticmonitoringsystem,"ComputingTechnologyandAutomation,China,vol.I.II,pp.III.-IIIV,II00III.
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